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Direction-of-Change Forecasting using a Volatility- Based Recurrent Neural Network

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  • Bekiros, S.

    (Universiteit van Amsterdam)

  • Georgoutsos, D.

Abstract

This paper investigates the profitability of a trading strategy, based on recurrent neural networks, that attempts to predict the direction-of-change of the market in the case of the NASDAQ composite index. The sample extends over the period 2/8/1971 \u2013 4/7/1998, while the sub-period 4/8/1998 - 2/5/2002 has been reserved for out-of-sample testing purposes. We demonstrate that the incorporation in the trading rule of estimates of the conditional volatility changes strongly enhances its profitability during `bear' market periods. This improvement is being measured with respect to a nested model that does not include the volatility variable as well as to a buy & hold strategy. We suggest that our findings can be justified by invoking either the `volatility feedback' theory or the existence of portfolio insurance schemes in the equity markets. Our results are also consistent with the view that volatility dependence produces sign dependence.

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  • Bekiros, S. & Georgoutsos, D., 2006. "Direction-of-Change Forecasting using a Volatility- Based Recurrent Neural Network," CeNDEF Working Papers 06-16, Universiteit van Amsterdam, Center for Nonlinear Dynamics in Economics and Finance.
    • Handle: RePEc:ams:ndfwpp:06-16
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    Cited by:

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    2. Anatolyev Stanislav, 2009. "Multi-Market Direction-of-Change Modeling Using Dependence Ratios," Studies in Nonlinear Dynamics & Econometrics, De Gruyter, vol. 13(1), pages 1-24, March.
    3. Sermpinis, Georgios & Theofilatos, Konstantinos & Karathanasopoulos, Andreas & Georgopoulos, Efstratios F. & Dunis, Christian, 2013. "Forecasting foreign exchange rates with adaptive neural networks using radial-basis functions and Particle Swarm Optimization," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 225(3), pages 528-540.
    4. Roch, Oriol, 2013. "Histogram-based prediction of directional price relatives," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 10(3), pages 110-115.
    5. Georgios Sermpinis & Andreas Karathanasopoulos & Rafael Rosillo & David Fuente, 2021. "Neural networks in financial trading," Annals of Operations Research, Springer, vol. 297(1), pages 293-308, February.
    6. Shiyi Chen & Wolfgang K. Härdle & Kiho Jeong, 2010. "Forecasting volatility with support vector machine-based GARCH model," Journal of Forecasting, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 29(4), pages 406-433.
    7. Stanislav Anatolyev & Natalia Kryzhanovskaya, 2009. "Directional Prediction of Returns under Asymmetric Loss: Direct and Indirect Approaches," Working Papers w0136, New Economic School (NES).
    8. Luis H. R. Alvarez E. & Paavo Salminen, 2017. "Timing in the presence of directional predictability: optimal stopping of skew Brownian motion," Mathematical Methods of Operations Research, Springer;Gesellschaft für Operations Research (GOR);Nederlands Genootschap voor Besliskunde (NGB), vol. 86(2), pages 377-400, October.
    9. Gradojevic, Nikola & Kukolj, Dragan & Adcock, Robert & Djakovic, Vladimir, 2023. "Forecasting Bitcoin with technical analysis: A not-so-random forest?," International Journal of Forecasting, Elsevier, vol. 39(1), pages 1-17.
    10. Thierry Warin & Aleksandar Stojkov, 2021. "Machine Learning in Finance: A Metadata-Based Systematic Review of the Literature," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 14(7), pages 1-31, July.

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