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Gender Wage Gaps across Skills and Trade Openness

Author

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  • Sarra Ben Yahmed

    (Aix-Marseille University (Aix-Marseille School of Economics), CNRS & EHESS.)

Abstract

Several empirical studies have shown that the effect of openness on the gender wage gap depends on the skill requirement of the workplace. This paper offers a theoretical explanation to understand that finding. We integrate a statistical discrimination framework with the labour assignment approach to give general conditions under which the matching between firms and workers gives rise to a wider gender wage gap at the upper tail of the distribution, in accordance with empirical evidence. We further look at the effect of trade openness on the gender wage gap along the entire distribution. Workers’ characteristics vary in two dimensions, skills and job commitment. The inability to observe individual’s job commitment induces employers to base partly their decision on group average. Following the literature on labour and international trade, we assume that skills act as complements to technological upgrading. Exporting firms are more skill-intensive and pay higher wages; assuming further that worker’s job commitment is a complement to technological upgrading, we find that a reduction in trade costs increases wage inequality within-groups and has non-monotonic effects on between-group inequality. Trade openness reduces the gender wage gap among unskilled workers but increases the gender wage gap among high-skill workers.

Suggested Citation

  • Sarra Ben Yahmed, 2012. "Gender Wage Gaps across Skills and Trade Openness," AMSE Working Papers 1232, Aix-Marseille School of Economics, France, revised Nov 2012.
  • Handle: RePEc:aim:wpaimx:1232
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

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    2. Masso, Jaan & Meriküll, Jaanika & Vahter, Priit, 2022. "The role of firms in the gender wage gap," Journal of Comparative Economics, Elsevier, vol. 50(2), pages 454-473.
    3. Nikulin, Dagmara & Wolszczak-Derlacz, Joanna, 2022. "GVC involvement and the gender wage gap: Micro-evidence on European countries," Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, Elsevier, vol. 63(C), pages 268-282.
    4. Esther Ann BØLER & Beata Smarzynska JAVORCIK & Karen Helene ULLTVEI-MOE, 2015. "Globalization: A Woman's Best Friend? Exporters and the Gender Wage Gap," Working Papers DP-2015-25, Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia (ERIA).
    5. Nicola Gagliardi & Benoît Mahy & François Rycx, 2021. "Upstreamness, Wages and Gender: Equal Benefits for All?," British Journal of Industrial Relations, London School of Economics, vol. 59(1), pages 52-83, March.
    6. Priit Vahter & Jaan Masso, 2019. "The contribution of multinationals to wage inequality: foreign ownership and the gender pay gap," Review of World Economics (Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv), Springer;Institut für Weltwirtschaft (Kiel Institute for the World Economy), vol. 155(1), pages 105-148, February.
    7. Chan, Jeff, 2018. "Does import competition worsen the gender gap? Evidence from matched employer–employee data," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 165(C), pages 13-16.
    8. Ben Yahmed, Sarra, 2023. "Gender wage discrimination with employer prejudice and trade openness," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 170(C).
    9. Jaan Masso & Priit Vahter, 2023. "Innovation as a firm-level factor of the gender wage gap," International Journal of Manpower, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 45(3), pages 449-465, August.
    10. Shruti Sharma, 2018. "Does Plant Size Matter? Differential Effects of Foreign Direct Investment on Wages and Employment in Indian Manufacturing," Asian Development Review, MIT Press, vol. 35(1), pages 52-80, March.
    11. Ronald B. Davies & Arman Mazhikeyev, 2021. "The glass border: Gender and exporting in developing countries," The World Economy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 44(4), pages 879-903, April.
    12. Bøler, Esther Ann & Javorcik, Beata & Ulltveit-Moe, Karen Helene, 2018. "Working across time zones: Exporters and the gender wage gap," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 111(C), pages 122-133.
    13. Ishan Ghosh & Mario Larch & Irina Murtazashvili & Yoto V. Yotov, 2022. "Negative Trade Shocks and Gender Inequality: Evidence from the USA," Economica, London School of Economics and Political Science, vol. 89(355), pages 564-591, July.
    14. Yahmed, Sarra Ben, 2017. "Gender wage discrimination and trade openness. Prejudiced employers in an open industry," ZEW Discussion Papers 17-047, ZEW - Leibniz Centre for European Economic Research.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Gender Wape Gap; Statistical Discrimination; Trade Openess; Technology Upgrading.;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • J24 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Human Capital; Skills; Occupational Choice; Labor Productivity
    • J7 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Labor Discrimination
    • F16 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Trade and Labor Market Interactions

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