IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/p/ags/uersib/147120.html
   My bibliography  Save this paper

Updating the ERS Farm Typology

Author

Listed:
  • Hoppe, Robert A.
  • MacDonald, James M.

Abstract

The USDA’s Economic Research Service (ERS) farm typology was originally developed to classify farms into relatively homogeneous groups based on their gross farm sales, the primary occupation of their operators, and whether the farms are family farms. Nearly 15 years have passed since ERS first released its farm typology; in this report, we update it to reflect commodity price inflation and the shift of production to larger farms. We also make a technical change, switching the measure of farm size from gross farm sales to gross cash farm income (GCFI), the total revenue received by a farm business in a given year. After the price adjustment, small farms are defined as those with GCFI less than $350,000, up from the original $250,000 cutoff. To adjust for the upward shift in production, two groups are added to the typology for farms with GCFI of $1 million or more, and a midsize group is added for farms with GCFI between $350,000 and $999,999.

Suggested Citation

  • Hoppe, Robert A. & MacDonald, James M., 2013. "Updating the ERS Farm Typology," Economic Information Bulletin 147120, United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service.
    • Handle: RePEc:ags:uersib:147120
    DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.147120
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/147120/files/EIB110.pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.22004/ag.econ.147120?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Hoppe, Robert A. & MacDonald, James M. & Korb, Penelope J., 2010. "Small Farms in the United States: Persistence Under Pressure," Economic Information Bulletin 58300, United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service.
    2. MacDonald, James M., 2008. "The Economic Organization of U.S. Broiler Production," Economic Information Bulletin 58627, United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service.
    3. Brian C. Briggeman & Allan W. Gray & Mitchell J. Morehart & Timothy G. Baker & Christine A. Wilson, 2007. "A New U.S. Farm Household Typology: Implications for Agricultural Policy," Review of Agricultural Economics, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association, vol. 29(4), pages 765-782.
    4. Hoppe, Robert A. & Banker, David E., 2010. "Structure and Finances of U.S. Farms: Family Farm Report, 2010 Edition," Economic Information Bulletin 291950, United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service.
    5. Hoppe, Robert A. & Korb, Penelope J. & Banker, David E., 2008. "Million-Dollar Farms in the New Century," Economic Information Bulletin 58623, United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service.
    6. Hoppe, Robert A., 2001. "Farm Households Are Often Dual-Career," Rural America/ Rural Development Perspectives, United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, vol. 16(2), July.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Ukolova, Anna & Dashieva, Bayarma, 2016. "Statistical research of labor resources of agriculture in the USA (according to the 2012 Census of agriculture)," MPRA Paper 71663, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 31 May 2016.
    2. Ani L. Katchova & Mary Clare Ahearn, 2017. "Farm entry and exit from US agriculture," Agricultural Finance Review, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 77(1), pages 50-63, May.
    3. Miriam Bertran-Vilà & Ayari G. Pasquier Merino & Jessica Geraldine Villatoro Hernández, 2022. "Food Producers in The Peri-Urban Area of Mexico City. A Study on the Linkages between Social Capital and Food Sustainability," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(23), pages 1-19, November.
    4. MacDonald, James M., 2014. "Technology, Organization, and Financial Performance in U.S. Broiler Production," Economic Information Bulletin 262121, United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service.
    5. Ifft, Jennifer & Patrick, Kevin & Novini, Amirdara, 2014. "Debt Use By U.S Farm Businesses, 1992-2011," Economic Information Bulletin 165912, United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service.
    6. Saleh Ahmed & Douglas Jackson-Smith, 2019. "Impacts of Spatial Patterns of Rural and Exurban Residential Development on Agricultural Trends in the Intermountain West," SAGE Open, , vol. 9(3), pages 21582440198, August.
    7. Prager, Daniel & Tulman, Sarah & Durst, Ron, 2017. "How do tax loss benefits and asset appreciation affect the returns to farming for U.S. farm households?," 2018 Allied Social Sciences Association (ASSA) Annual Meeting, January 5-7, 2018, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 266304, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association.
    8. Burns, Christopher & Kuhns, Ryan, 2016. "The Changing Organization and Well-Being of Midsize U.S. Farms, 1992-2014," Economic Research Report 262190, United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service.
    9. Ifft, Jennifer E. & Spini, Pietro & Wilcox, Steven, 2018. "The distributional implications of carbon taxation for U.S. crop farms," 2018 Annual Meeting, August 5-7, Washington, D.C. 274423, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association.
    10. Wade, Tara & Claassen, Roger, 2015. "Modeling No-Tillage Adoption by Corn and Soybean Producers: Insights into Sustained Adoption," 2015 AAEA & WAEA Joint Annual Meeting, July 26-28, San Francisco, California 204957, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association.
    11. Wang, Sun Ling & Newton, Doris J., 2015. "Productivity and Efficiency of U.S. Field Crop Farms: A Look at Farm Size and Operator’s Gender," 2015 AAEA & WAEA Joint Annual Meeting, July 26-28, San Francisco, California 205344, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association.
    12. Sean Clark, 2020. "Financial Viability of an On-Farm Processing and Retail Enterprise: A Case Study of Value-Added Agriculture in Rural Kentucky (USA)," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(2), pages 1-16, January.
    13. Sant'Anna, Ana Claudia & Katchova, Ani L., 2022. "How Economic Conditions Changed the Number of U.S. Farms, 1960-88: A Replication and Extension of Gale (1990) to Midsize Farms in the U.S. and Abroad," 96th Annual Conference, April 4-6, 2022, K U Leuven, Belgium 321202, Agricultural Economics Society - AES.
    14. Ani L. Katchova & Ana Claudia Sant’Anna, 2019. "Impact of Ethanol Plant Location on Corn Revenues for U.S. Farmers," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(22), pages 1-13, November.
    15. MacDonald, James M. & Hoppe, Robert A. & Newton, Doris, 2018. "Three Decades of Consolidation in U.S. Agriculture," Economic Information Bulletin 276247, United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service.
    16. Burns, Christopher & Prager, Daniel, "undated". "Do Direct Payments and Crop Insurance Influence Commercial Farm Survival and Decisions to Expand?," 2016 Annual Meeting, July 31-August 2, Boston, Massachusetts 235693, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association.
    17. Grout, Travis & Ifft, Jennifer & Malinovskaya, Anna, 2021. "Energy income and farm viability: Evidence from USDA farm survey data," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 155(C).
    18. Gupta, Clare & Jablonski, Becca B.R., 2016. "Farm Impacts of Farm-to-Grocer Sales: The Case of Hawai’i," Journal of Food Distribution Research, Food Distribution Research Society, vol. 47(3), pages 1-23, November.
    19. Jason H. Grant & Kathryn A. Boys & Chaoping Xie, 2021. "A new president in the White House: implications for Canadian agricultural trade," Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics/Revue canadienne d'agroeconomie, Canadian Agricultural Economics Society/Societe canadienne d'agroeconomie, vol. 69(1), pages 45-58, March.
    20. Deborah Scharfy & Norman Boccali & Matthias Stucki, 2017. "Clean Technologies in Agriculture—How to Prioritise Measures?," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(8), pages 1-22, July.
    21. Patrick Mundler & Sophie Laughrea, 2015. "Circuits alimentaires de proximité - Quels bénéfices pour le développement des territoires? Étude de cas dans trois territoires québécois," CIRANO Project Reports 2015rp-21, CIRANO.
    22. Bigelow, Daniel & Borchers, Allison & Hubbs, Todd, 2016. "U.S. Farmland Ownership, Tenure, and Transfer," Economic Information Bulletin 262138, United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service.
    23. Protopop, Iuliia & Boehlje, Michael & Stockton, Matthew & Bradley, Lubben, 2016. "The Effect of the Timing of Farm Transfer Initiation on Terminal Wealth in the Business: Simulation Model," 2016 Annual Meeting, July 31-August 2, Boston, Massachusetts 236006, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association.
    24. Syed Shurid Khan & Shawn Arita & Richard Howitt & PingSun Leung, 2022. "Evaluating change in property tax regime on noncommercial food production using a modified positive mathematical programming model," SN Business & Economics, Springer, vol. 2(9), pages 1-20, September.
    25. Matthew C. LaFevor, 2022. "Characterizing Agricultural Diversity with Policy-Relevant Farm Typologies in Mexico," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 12(9), pages 1-19, August.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Hoppe, Robert A., 2014. "Structure and Finances of U.S. Farms: Family Farm Report, 2014 Edition," Economic Information Bulletin 262118, United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service.
    2. MacDonald, James M. & Hoppe, Robert A. & Newton, Doris, 2018. "Three Decades of Consolidation in U.S. Agriculture," Economic Information Bulletin 276247, United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service.
    3. Brown, Jason P. & Goetz, Stephan J. & Fleming, David A., 2012. "Multifunctional Agriculture and Farm Viability in the United States," 2012 Annual Meeting, August 12-14, 2012, Seattle, Washington 126929, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association.
    4. Burns, Christopher & Kuhns, Ryan, 2016. "The Changing Organization and Well-Being of Midsize U.S. Farms, 1992-2014," Economic Research Report 262190, United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service.
    5. Hoppe, Robert & Korb, Penni, 2013. "Characteristics of Women Farm Operators and Their Farms," Economic Information Bulletin 148543, United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service.
    6. MacDonald, James M., 2011. "Why Are Farms Getting Larger? The Case Of The U.S," 51st Annual Conference, Halle, Germany, September 28-30, 2011 115361, German Association of Agricultural Economists (GEWISOLA).
    7. Brown, Henry & Janssen, Larry & Diersen, Matthew & Van der Sluis, Evert, 2015. "The Structure of South Dakota Agriculture: 1935-2012," Economics Research Papers 209278, South Dakota State University, Department of Economics.
    8. Weber, Jeremy G. & Key, Nigel D., 2013. "Does proprietor wealth influence small business decisions? Land appreciation and farm business borrowing, land ownership, and output," 2013 Annual Meeting, August 4-6, 2013, Washington, D.C. 150408, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association.
    9. Jeremy G. Weber & Conor Wall & Jason Brown & Tom Hertz, 2015. "Crop Prices, Agricultural Revenues, and the Rural Economy," Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association, vol. 37(3), pages 459-476.
    10. Khanal, Aditya R. & Mishra, Ashok K. & Honey, Ummey, 2018. "Impact of diversification strategies on financial performance: A Multinomial Endogenous Switching Regression Approach," 2018 Annual Meeting, August 5-7, Washington, D.C. 273808, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association.
    11. Jill Harrison & Christy Getz, 2015. "Farm size and job quality: mixed-methods studies of hired farm work in California and Wisconsin," Agriculture and Human Values, Springer;The Agriculture, Food, & Human Values Society (AFHVS), vol. 32(4), pages 617-634, December.
    12. Heping Ge & Lianzhen Tang & Xiaojun Zhou & Decai Tang & Valentina Boamah, 2022. "Research on the Effect of Rural Inclusive Financial Ecological Environment on Rural Household Income in China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(4), pages 1-16, February.
    13. Syed Shurid Khan & Shawn Arita & Richard Howitt & PingSun Leung, 2022. "Evaluating change in property tax regime on noncommercial food production using a modified positive mathematical programming model," SN Business & Economics, Springer, vol. 2(9), pages 1-20, September.
    14. MacDonald, James M., 2014. "Technology, Organization, and Financial Performance in U.S. Broiler Production," Economic Information Bulletin 262121, United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service.
    15. Philip Kostov & Sophia Davidova, 2023. "Smallholders Are Not the Same: Under the Hood of Kosovo Agriculture," Land, MDPI, vol. 12(1), pages 1-16, January.
    16. Katchova, Ani L. & Ahearn, Mary Clare, 2014. "Farmland Ownership and Leasing: Implications for Young and Beginning Farmers," Staff Papers 184725, University of Kentucky, Department of Agricultural Economics.
    17. Hoppe, Robert A. & Banker, David E., 2006. "Structure and Finances of U.S. Farms: 2005 Family Farm Report," Economic Information Bulletin 59404, United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service.
    18. James, Harvey S., Jr. & Hendrickson, Mary K., 2009. "Are Farmers of the Middle Distinctively “Good Stewards?” Evidence from the Missouri Farm Poll, 2006," Working Papers 92623, University of Missouri Columbia, Department of Agricultural Economics.
    19. MacDonald, James M. & Key, Nigel D., 2012. "Market Power in Poultry Production Contracting? Evidence from a Farm Survey," Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics, Southern Agricultural Economics Association, vol. 44(4), pages 1-14, November.
    20. Erickson, Kenneth W. & Hoppe, Robert A. & Dubman, Robert W., 2002. "The Structure, Performance, And Sustainability Of Agriculture In The Mountain Region," 2002 Annual Meeting, July 28-31, 2002, Long Beach, California 36541, Western Agricultural Economics Association.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Agricultural and Food Policy;

    NEP fields

    This paper has been announced in the following NEP Reports:

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:ags:uersib:147120. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: AgEcon Search (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/ersgvus.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.