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Updating the ERS Farm Typology

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  • Hoppe, Robert A.
  • MacDonald, James M.

Abstract

The USDA’s Economic Research Service (ERS) farm typology was originally developed to classify farms into relatively homogeneous groups based on their gross farm sales, the primary occupation of their operators, and whether the farms are family farms. Nearly 15 years have passed since ERS first released its farm typology; in this report, we update it to reflect commodity price inflation and the shift of production to larger farms. We also make a technical change, switching the measure of farm size from gross farm sales to gross cash farm income (GCFI), the total revenue received by a farm business in a given year. After the price adjustment, small farms are defined as those with GCFI less than $350,000, up from the original $250,000 cutoff. To adjust for the upward shift in production, two groups are added to the typology for farms with GCFI of $1 million or more, and a midsize group is added for farms with GCFI between $350,000 and $999,999.

Suggested Citation

  • Hoppe, Robert A. & MacDonald, James M., 2013. "Updating the ERS Farm Typology," Economic Information Bulletin 147120, United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service.
    • Handle: RePEc:ags:uersib:147120
    DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.147120
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    5. Ukolova, Anna & Dashieva, Bayarma, 2016. "Statistical research of labor resources of agriculture in the USA (according to the 2012 Census of agriculture)," MPRA Paper 71663, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 31 May 2016.
    6. Ani L. Katchova & Mary Clare Ahearn, 2017. "Farm entry and exit from US agriculture," Agricultural Finance Review, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 77(1), pages 50-63, May.
    7. Bigelow, Daniel & Borchers, Allison & Hubbs, Todd, 2016. "U.S. Farmland Ownership, Tenure, and Transfer," Economic Information Bulletin 262138, United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service.
    8. Ifft, Jennifer E. & Spini, Pietro & Wilcox, Steven, 2018. "The distributional implications of carbon taxation for U.S. crop farms," 2018 Annual Meeting, August 5-7, Washington, D.C. 274423, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association.
    9. Protopop, Iuliia & Boehlje, Michael & Stockton, Matthew & Bradley, Lubben, 2016. "The Effect of the Timing of Farm Transfer Initiation on Terminal Wealth in the Business: Simulation Model," 2016 Annual Meeting, July 31-August 2, Boston, Massachusetts 236006, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association.
    10. Prager, Daniel & Tulman, Sarah & Durst, Ron, 2017. "How do tax loss benefits and asset appreciation affect the returns to farming for U.S. farm households?," 2018 Allied Social Sciences Association (ASSA) Annual Meeting, January 5-7, 2018, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 266304, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association.
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    12. Sant'Anna, Ana Claudia & Katchova, Ani L., 2022. "How Economic Conditions Changed the Number of U.S. Farms, 1960-88: A Replication and Extension of Gale (1990) to Midsize Farms in the U.S. and Abroad," 96th Annual Conference, April 4-6, 2022, K U Leuven, Belgium 321202, Agricultural Economics Society - AES.
    13. Wang, Sun Ling & Newton, Doris J., 2015. "Productivity and Efficiency of U.S. Field Crop Farms: A Look at Farm Size and Operator’s Gender," 2015 AAEA & WAEA Joint Annual Meeting, July 26-28, San Francisco, California 205344, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association.
    14. Wade, Tara & Claassen, Roger, 2015. "Modeling No-Tillage Adoption by Corn and Soybean Producers: Insights into Sustained Adoption," 2015 AAEA & WAEA Joint Annual Meeting, July 26-28, San Francisco, California 204957, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association.
    15. Ani L. Katchova & Ana Claudia Sant’Anna, 2019. "Impact of Ethanol Plant Location on Corn Revenues for U.S. Farmers," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(22), pages 1-13, November.
    16. MacDonald, James M. & Hoppe, Robert A. & Newton, Doris, 2018. "Three Decades of Consolidation in U.S. Agriculture," Economic Information Bulletin 276247, United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service.
    17. Grout, Travis & Ifft, Jennifer & Malinovskaya, Anna, 2021. "Energy income and farm viability: Evidence from USDA farm survey data," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 155(C).
    18. Burns, Christopher & Prager, Daniel, "undated". "Do Direct Payments and Crop Insurance Influence Commercial Farm Survival and Decisions to Expand?," 2016 Annual Meeting, July 31-August 2, Boston, Massachusetts 235693, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association.
    19. Gupta, Clare & Jablonski, Becca B.R., 2016. "Farm Impacts of Farm-to-Grocer Sales: The Case of Hawai’i," Journal of Food Distribution Research, Food Distribution Research Society, vol. 47(3), pages 1-23, November.
    20. Sean Clark, 2020. "Financial Viability of an On-Farm Processing and Retail Enterprise: A Case Study of Value-Added Agriculture in Rural Kentucky (USA)," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(2), pages 1-16, January.
    21. MacDonald, James M., 2014. "Technology, Organization, and Financial Performance in U.S. Broiler Production," Economic Information Bulletin 262121, United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service.
    22. Burns, Christopher & Kuhns, Ryan, 2016. "The Changing Organization and Well-Being of Midsize U.S. Farms, 1992-2014," Economic Research Report 262190, United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service.
    23. Jason H. Grant & Kathryn A. Boys & Chaoping Xie, 2021. "A new president in the White House: implications for Canadian agricultural trade," Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics/Revue canadienne d'agroeconomie, Canadian Agricultural Economics Society/Societe canadienne d'agroeconomie, vol. 69(1), pages 45-58, March.
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    25. Matthew C. LaFevor, 2022. "Characterizing Agricultural Diversity with Policy-Relevant Farm Typologies in Mexico," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 12(9), pages 1-19, August.

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