IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/p/ags/pugtwp/333136.html
   My bibliography  Save this paper

The role of multinational and trading enterprises in the gender pay gap: Evidence from Finland

Author

Listed:
  • Luomaranta, Henri
  • Cantu, Fernando
  • MacFeely, Steve
  • Peltola, Anu

Abstract

This paper constructs and analyses a set of novel indicators on gender equality in the business sector, which focus on multinational enterprises and foreign traders. The descriptive data tables are drawn from the rich linked statistical registers available at Statistics Finland. The analysis reveals large differences in the share of women and men employed in the best paying professions, such as in managerial jobs, and in professions requiring science, technology, engineering or mathematics degrees, or deep digital competencies. However, while a sizeable gender pay gap in the business sector is identified in high-paying occupations, and in multinational enterprises in particular, the gap is smaller in domestically owned businesses. The gender pay gap tends to be larger in high-paying jobs in foreign multinationals and in enterprises that trade internationally. Based on the statistics presented, the analyses suggest that economic globalization tends to magnify gender inequalities in the Finnish labour market. This paper contributes to the field of official statistics by providing a blueprint, showing how business statistics and social statistics can be linked to enable an analysis of gender inequalities in the labour market. Keywords: MNE; FDI; international trade; gender equality; official statistics

Suggested Citation

  • Luomaranta, Henri & Cantu, Fernando & MacFeely, Steve & Peltola, Anu, 2020. "The role of multinational and trading enterprises in the gender pay gap: Evidence from Finland," Conference papers 333136, Purdue University, Center for Global Trade Analysis, Global Trade Analysis Project.
    • Handle: RePEc:ags:pugtwp:333136
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/333136/files/9772.pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Stephanie Seguino & Caren Grown, 2006. "Gender equity and globalization: macroeconomic policy for developing countries," Journal of International Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 18(8), pages 1081-1104.
    2. Bøler, Esther Ann & Javorcik, Beata & Ulltveit-Moe, Karen Helene, 2018. "Working across time zones: Exporters and the gender wage gap," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 111(C), pages 122-133.
    3. François Bourguignon, 2015. "The Globalization of Inequality," Economics Books, Princeton University Press, edition 1, number 10433.
    4. Matthias Busse & Christian Spielmann, 2006. "Gender Inequality and Trade," Review of International Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 14(3), pages 362-379, August.
    5. United Nations UN, 2015. "Transforming our World: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development," Working Papers id:7559, eSocialSciences.
    6. Nicholas Bloom & Raffaella Sadun & John Van Reenen, 2016. "Management as a Technology?," Harvard Business School Working Papers 16-133, Harvard Business School, revised Oct 2017.
    7. Ariel Burstein & Javier Cravino & Jonathan Vogel, 2013. "Importing Skill-Biased Technology," American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics, American Economic Association, vol. 5(2), pages 32-71, April.
    8. Guy Michaels & Ashwini Natraj & John Van Reenen, 2014. "Has ICT Polarized Skill Demand? Evidence from Eleven Countries over Twenty-Five Years," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 96(1), pages 60-77, March.
    9. Francine D. Blau & Lawrence M. Kahn, 2017. "The Gender Wage Gap: Extent, Trends, and Explanations," Journal of Economic Literature, American Economic Association, vol. 55(3), pages 789-865, September.
    10. Remco H. Oostendorp, 2009. "Globalization and the Gender Wage Gap," The World Bank Economic Review, World Bank, vol. 23(1), pages 141-161, January.
    11. Tarun Khanna & Yishay Yafeh, 2007. "Business Groups in Emerging Markets: Paragons or Parasites?," Journal of Economic Literature, American Economic Association, vol. 45(2), pages 331-372, June.
    12. Pekka Ilmakunnas & Mika Maliranta, 2005. "Technology, Labour Characteristics and Wage‐productivity Gaps," Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, Department of Economics, University of Oxford, vol. 67(5), pages 623-645, October.
    13. Stephan Klasen & Francesca Lamanna, 2009. "The Impact of Gender Inequality in Education and Employment on Economic Growth: New Evidence for a Panel of Countries," Feminist Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 15(3), pages 91-132.
    14. Korkeamaki, Ossi & Kyyra, Tomi, 2006. "A gender wage gap decomposition for matched employer-employee data," Labour Economics, Elsevier, vol. 13(5), pages 611-638, October.
    15. KODAMA Naomi & Beata S. JAVORCIK & ABE Yukiko, 2016. "Transplanting Corporate Culture across International Borders: FDI and female employment in Japan," Discussion papers 16015, Research Institute of Economy, Trade and Industry (RIETI).
    16. Carney, Michael & Van Essen, Marc & Estrin, Saul & Shapiro, Daniel, 2017. "Business group prevalence and impact across countries and over time: what can we learn from the literature," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 68281, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
    17. Michael Carney & Marc van Essen & Saul Estrin & Daniel Shapiro, 2017. "Business group prevalence and impact across countries and over time : What can we learn from the literature?," Post-Print hal-02312101, HAL.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Henri Luomarant & Fernando Cantu & Steve MacFeely & Anu Peltola, . "The role of multinational and trading enterprises in employment and the gender pay gap: evidence from Finland," UNCTAD Transnational Corporations Journal, United Nations Conference on Trade and Development.
    2. Nicola Gagliardi & Benoît Mahy & François Rycx, 2021. "Upstreamness, Wages and Gender: Equal Benefits for All?," British Journal of Industrial Relations, London School of Economics, vol. 59(1), pages 52-83, March.
    3. Magda, Iga & Salach, Katarzyna, 2019. "Gender Pay Gap Patterns in Domestic and Foreign-Owned Firms," IZA Discussion Papers 12453, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    4. Nikulin, Dagmara & Wolszczak-Derlacz, Joanna, 2022. "GVC involvement and the gender wage gap: Micro-evidence on European countries," Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, Elsevier, vol. 63(C), pages 268-282.
    5. Yadong Luo & Huan Zhang & Juan Bu, 2019. "Developed country MNEs investing in developing economies: Progress and prospect," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 50(4), pages 633-667, June.
    6. Vo, Thang T. & Truong, Thiet-Ha, 2023. "Gender division of household workforce in Vietnam: Role of international trade and fertility," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 80(C), pages 1696-1718.
    7. Karol Fernández Delgado, . "Assessing the impact of foreign ownership on firm performance by size: evidence from firms in developed and developing countries," UNCTAD Transnational Corporations Journal, United Nations Conference on Trade and Development.
    8. Joanna Wolszczak-Derlacz, 2013. "The Impact Of Gender Wage Gap On Sectoral Economic Growth – Cross-Country Approach," Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy, Institute of Economic Research, vol. 8(3), pages 103-122, September.
    9. Iga Magda & Katarzyna Sałach, 2021. "Gender pay gaps in domestic and foreign-owned firms," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 61(4), pages 2237-2263, October.
    10. Mina Baliamoune, 2021. "Trade and Labor Market Outcomes: Does Export Sophistication Affect Women’s Wage Employment?," Research papers & Policy papers on Trade Dynamics and Policies 2101, Policy Center for the New South.
    11. Audi, Marc & Ali, Amjad, 2016. "Gender Gap and Trade Liberalization: An Analysis of some selected SAARC countries," MPRA Paper 83520, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    12. repec:ocp:rpecon:pp-15-21 is not listed on IDEAS
    13. repec:ocp:rptrad:pp-15-21 is not listed on IDEAS
    14. Aguilera, Ruth V. & Crespí-Cladera, Rafel & Infantes, Paula M. & Pascual-Fuster, Bartolomé, 2020. "Business groups and internationalization: Effective identification and future agenda," Journal of World Business, Elsevier, vol. 55(4).
    15. Nicola Gagliardi & Benoît Mahy & François Rycx, 2018. "Upstreamness, social upgrading and gender: Equal benefits for all?," Working Paper Research 359, National Bank of Belgium.
    16. Khorana, Sangeeta & Webster, Allan, 2023. "Too few women at the top of firms: Foreign ownership, gender segregation and cultural causes," GLO Discussion Paper Series 1276, Global Labor Organization (GLO).
    17. Haroon Ur Rashid Khan & Anwar Khan & Khalid Zaman & Agha Amad Nabi & Sanil S. Hishan & Talat Islam, 2017. "Gender discrimination in education, health, and labour market: a voice for equality," Quality & Quantity: International Journal of Methodology, Springer, vol. 51(5), pages 2245-2266, September.
    18. Wu, Lichao & Wei, Yingqi & Wang, Chengang, 2021. "Disentangling the effects of business groups in the innovation-export relationship," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 50(1).
    19. Enyang Besong Susan & Manases Mbengwor Natu, 2023. "Re-imagining the Gender Gap in Economic Participation and Opportunities: Assessing the Link Between Sustainable Development and Gender Equality in Some African Countries," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 169(3), pages 817-845, October.
    20. Jaerim Choi & Theresa M. Greaney, 2022. "Global Influences On Gender Inequality: Evidence From Female Employment In Korea," International Economic Review, Department of Economics, University of Pennsylvania and Osaka University Institute of Social and Economic Research Association, vol. 63(1), pages 291-328, February.
    21. Stephanie Seguino & Maureen Were, 2014. "Gendered Perspectives on Economic Growth and Development in Sub-Saharan Africa," WIDER Working Paper Series wp-2014-056, World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER).
    22. Anaïs HAMELIN & Vivien LEFEBVRE & Laurent WEILL, 2020. "In Business Groups We Trust," Working Papers of LaRGE Research Center 2020-06, Laboratoire de Recherche en Gestion et Economie (LaRGE), Université de Strasbourg.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    International Relations/Trade;

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:ags:pugtwp:333136. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: AgEcon Search (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/gtpurus.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.