IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/p/ags/iaae18/277276.html
   My bibliography  Save this paper

Production risk and technical (in)efficiency amongst smallholder livestock farmers in Botswana: An exploratory investigation

Author

Listed:
  • Amuakwa-Mensah, F.
  • Chube, B.
  • Surry, Y.
  • Bahta, S.

Abstract

This article investigates production (in)efficiency and production risk among smallholder livestock farmers in Botswana. Using cross-sectional data for beef production households, we estimate stochastic production frontier model that accommodates both technical inefficiency and production risk simultaneously. Heteroscedasticity is assumed for both inefficiency and production risk functions. Potential endogeneity of off-farm income is investigated using the control function approach. The empirical results indicate that the deterministic beef production function exhibits decreasing returns to scale and it is mainly explained by herd size and capital equipment. Non-linear relationship between inefficiency and herd size is established with an inverted U shape. Whereas, off-farm income reduces inefficiency, an increase rainfall and household size were found to increase inefficiency. In addition, production risk increases with an increase in maximum temperature and off-farm income but reduces with an increase in rainfall. The average inefficiency and risk scores for beef production are 9.4% and 3.2% respectively. Acknowledgement :

Suggested Citation

  • Amuakwa-Mensah, F. & Chube, B. & Surry, Y. & Bahta, S., 2018. "Production risk and technical (in)efficiency amongst smallholder livestock farmers in Botswana: An exploratory investigation," 2018 Conference, July 28-August 2, 2018, Vancouver, British Columbia 277276, International Association of Agricultural Economists.
    • Handle: RePEc:ags:iaae18:277276
    DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.277276
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/277276/files/1531.pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.22004/ag.econ.277276?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Ashok K. Mishra & Barry K. Goodwin, 1997. "Farm Income Variability and the Supply of Off-Farm Labor," American Journal of Agricultural Economics, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association, vol. 79(3), pages 880-887.
    2. Amsler, Christine & Prokhorov, Artem & Schmidt, Peter, 2017. "Endogenous environmental variables in stochastic frontier models," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 199(2), pages 131-140.
    3. Battese, George E. & Coelli, Tim J., 1988. "Prediction of firm-level technical efficiencies with a generalized frontier production function and panel data," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 38(3), pages 387-399, July.
    4. Raushan Bokusheva & Heinrich Hockmann, 2006. "Production risk and technical inefficiency in Russian agriculture," European Review of Agricultural Economics, Oxford University Press and the European Agricultural and Applied Economics Publications Foundation, vol. 33(1), pages 93-118, March.
    5. Kumbhakar, Sabul C., 1993. "Production risk, technical efficiency, and panel data," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 41(1), pages 11-16.
    6. G. Battese & A. Rambaldi & G. Wan, 1997. "A Stochastic Frontier Production Function with Flexible Risk Properties," Journal of Productivity Analysis, Springer, vol. 8(3), pages 269-280, August.
    7. Kumbhakar,Subal C. & Wang,Hung-Jen & Horncastle,Alan P., 2015. "A Practitioner's Guide to Stochastic Frontier Analysis Using Stata," Cambridge Books, Cambridge University Press, number 9781107029514, September.
    8. Just, Richard E. & Pope, Rulon D., 1978. "Stochastic specification of production functions and economic implications," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 7(1), pages 67-86, February.
    9. Awudu Abdulai & Hendrik Tietje, 2007. "Estimating technical efficiency under unobserved heterogeneity with stochastic frontier models: application to northern German dairy farms," European Review of Agricultural Economics, Oxford University Press and the European Agricultural and Applied Economics Publications Foundation, vol. 34(3), pages 393-416, September.
    10. Sherlund, Shane M. & Barrett, Christopher B. & Adesina, Akinwumi A., 2002. "Smallholder technical efficiency controlling for environmental production conditions," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 69(1), pages 85-101, October.
    11. Richard E. Just & Rulon D. Pope, 1979. "Production Function Estimation and Related Risk Considerations," American Journal of Agricultural Economics, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association, vol. 61(2), pages 276-284.
    12. Bahta, Sirak & Malope, Patrick, 2014. "Measurement of competitiveness in smallholder livestock systems and emerging policy advocacy: An application to Botswana," Food Policy, Elsevier, vol. 49(P2), pages 408-417.
    13. Dalila Cervantes-Godoy & Shingo Kimura & Jesús Antón, 2013. "Smallholder Risk Management in Developing Countries," OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Papers 61, OECD Publishing.
    14. Kumbhakar, Subal C & Biswas, Basudeb & Bailey, DeeVon, 1989. "A Study of Economic Efficiency of Utah Dairy Farmers: A System Approach," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 71(4), pages 595-604, November.
    15. David Hadley, 2006. "Patterns in Technical Efficiency and Technical Change at the Farm‐level in England and Wales, 1982–2002," Journal of Agricultural Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 57(1), pages 81-100, March.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Muhamad Zahid Muhamad & Mad Nasir Shamsudin & Nitty Hirawaty Kamarulzaman & Nolila Mohd Nawi & Jamaliah Laham, 2022. "Investigating Yield Variability and Technical Efficiency of Smallholders Pineapple Production in Johor," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(22), pages 1-18, November.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Muhammad Rizwan & Ping Qing & Abdul Saboor & Muhammad Amjed Iqbal & Adnan Nazir, 2020. "Production Risk and Competency among Categorized Rice Peasants: Cross-Sectional Evidence from an Emerging Country," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(9), pages 1-15, May.
    2. Wanglin Ma & Kathryn Bicknell & Alan Renwick, 2019. "Feed use intensification and technical efficiency of dairy farms in New Zealand," Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, Australian Agricultural and Resource Economics Society, vol. 63(1), pages 20-38, January.
    3. Ali M. Oumer & Amin Mugera & Michael Burton & Atakelty Hailu, 2022. "Technical efficiency and firm heterogeneity in stochastic frontier models: application to smallholder maize farms in Ethiopia," Journal of Productivity Analysis, Springer, vol. 57(2), pages 213-241, April.
    4. Muktar Geleto & Mohammed Essa, 2022. "Analysis of Red Pepper Production Risk Adjusted Technical Efficiency: The Case Of Lanfuro District In Siltie Zone, Southern Ethiopia," International Journal of Business and Management, International Institute of Social and Economic Sciences, vol. 10(1), pages 30-58, May.
    5. Muhamad Zahid Muhamad & Mad Nasir Shamsudin & Nitty Hirawaty Kamarulzaman & Nolila Mohd Nawi & Jamaliah Laham, 2022. "Investigating Yield Variability and Technical Efficiency of Smallholders Pineapple Production in Johor," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(22), pages 1-18, November.
    6. Ali D. Cagdas & Scott R. Jeffrey & Elwin G. Smith & Peter C. Boxall, 2016. "Environmental Stewardship and Technical Efficiency in Canadian Prairie Canola Production," Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics/Revue canadienne d'agroeconomie, Canadian Agricultural Economics Society/Societe canadienne d'agroeconomie, vol. 64(3), pages 455-477, September.
    7. Chang, Hung-Hao & Wen, Fang-I, 2008. "Off-farm Work, Technical Efficiency, and Production Risk: Empirical Evidence from a National Farmer Survey in Taiwan," 2008 Annual Meeting, July 27-29, 2008, Orlando, Florida 6164, American Agricultural Economics Association (New Name 2008: Agricultural and Applied Economics Association).
    8. Villano, Renato A. & O'Donnell, Christopher J. & Battese, George E., 2005. "An Investigation of Production Risk, Risk Preferences and Technical Efficiency: Evidence From Rainfed Lowland Rice Farms in the Philippines," Working Papers 12953, University of New England, School of Economics.
    9. Villano, Renato A. & Fleming, Euan M., 2004. "Analysis of Technical Efficiency in a Rainfed Lowland Rice Environment in Central Luzon Philippines Using a Stochastic Frontier Production Function with a Heteroskedastic Error Structure," Working Papers 12906, University of New England, School of Economics.
    10. Jaenicke, Edward C. & Larson, James A., 2001. "Production Risk Revisited In A Stochastic Frontier Framework: Evaluating Noise And Inefficiency In Cover Crop Systems," 2001 Annual meeting, August 5-8, Chicago, IL 20477, American Agricultural Economics Association (New Name 2008: Agricultural and Applied Economics Association).
    11. Renato Villano & Euan Fleming, 2006. "Technical Inefficiency and Production Risk in Rice Farming: Evidence from Central Luzon Philippines," Asian Economic Journal, East Asian Economic Association, vol. 20(1), pages 29-46, March.
    12. Antti Saastamoinen, 2015. "Heteroscedasticity Or Production Risk? A Synthetic View," Journal of Economic Surveys, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 29(3), pages 459-478, July.
    13. Mujawamariya, Gaudiose & Medagbe, Florent M. Kinkingninhoun & Karimov, Aziz, 2017. "Integrating quantified risk in efficiency analysis: evidence from rice production in East and Southern Africa," Agrekon, Agricultural Economics Association of South Africa (AEASA), vol. 56(4), December.
    14. Cagdas, Ali D. & Jeffrey, Scott R. & Smith, Elwin G. & Boxall, Peter C., 2013. "Adoption of BMPs and technical inefficiency in Canadian canola production," 2013 Annual Meeting, August 4-6, 2013, Washington, D.C. 150200, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association.
    15. Do, Huu-Luat & Dang Thuy, Truong, 2022. "Productivity response and production risk: A study of mangrove forest effects in aquaculture in the Mekong River Delta," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 194(C).
    16. Subal C. Kumbhakar & Christopher F. Parmeter & Valentin Zelenyuk, 2022. "Stochastic Frontier Analysis: Foundations and Advances I," Springer Books, in: Subhash C. Ray & Robert G. Chambers & Subal C. Kumbhakar (ed.), Handbook of Production Economics, chapter 8, pages 331-370, Springer.
    17. Rocha, Jr., Adauto B. & Fulginiti, Lilyan E. & Perrin, Richard K. & Walters, Cory G., 2022. "What is the value of crop insurance for Nebraskan farmers?," 2022 Annual Meeting, July 31-August 2, Anaheim, California 322529, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association.
    18. Orea, Luis, 2019. "The Econometric Measurement of Firms’ Efficiency," Efficiency Series Papers 2019/02, University of Oviedo, Department of Economics, Oviedo Efficiency Group (OEG).
    19. Ali M. Oumer & Michael Burton & Atakelty Hailu & Amin Mugera, 2020. "Sustainable agricultural intensification practices and cost efficiency in smallholder maize farms: Evidence from Ethiopia," Agricultural Economics, International Association of Agricultural Economists, vol. 51(6), pages 841-856, November.
    20. Cornelis Gardebroek & María Daniela Chavez & Alfons Oude Lansink, 2010. "Analysing Production Technology and Risk in Organic and Conventional Dutch Arable Farming using Panel Data," Journal of Agricultural Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 61(1), pages 60-75, February.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Livestock Production/Industries;

    NEP fields

    This paper has been announced in the following NEP Reports:

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:ags:iaae18:277276. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: AgEcon Search (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/iaaeeea.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.