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Efecto “Sheepskin” en la Educación - Evidencia Empírica de señalización en los distintos sectores del mercado laboral argentino

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  • Salas Isolda

Abstract

La literatura existente ha abordado ampliamente la temática del retorno de la educación, proponiendose diversas teorías, entre las cuales resalta la Ecuación de Mincer, que sugiere un retorno lineal respecto a todos los años educativos. Sin embargo, en este estudio nos proponemos demostrar la presencia de un retorno diferenciado para los últimos años de cada nivel educativo en Argentina a través de la utilización de regresiones spline, fenómeno al que nos referimos como el “efecto Sheepskin” o “Certificado”. El aporte principal de nuestro trabajo radica en analizar cómo el efecto certificado varía entre los distintos sectores laborales, diferenciando entre el sector público, el sector privado formal, el sector privado informal y los cuentapropistas. Esta diferenciación, que considera las particularidades de cada mercado laboral, es un aspecto que no ha sido considerado en estudios previos. Adicionalmente, nuestro estudio destaca la importancia del contexto familiar en los ingresos salariales de un individuo, explorando variaciones según cada nivel educativo y su culminación. Los resultados revelan que completar un nivel educativo brinda una importante ventaja salarial para empleados del sector público y del sector privado formal, pero esta ventaja no se observa en el sector informal ni entre los cuentapropistas, lo que resalta la importancia de separar los efectos por los distintos sectores en lugar de obtener una tasa de retorno generalizada. Además, la influencia del contexto familiar sobre los salarios varía según el nivel educativo alcanzado: en la educación primaria y secundaria, el contexto familiar tiene un impacto positivo significativo, complementando el beneficio de obtener un título. No obstante, para aquellos que completan el nivel universitario, la influencia se reduce considerablemente.

Suggested Citation

  • Salas Isolda, 2024. "Efecto “Sheepskin” en la Educación - Evidencia Empírica de señalización en los distintos sectores del mercado laboral argentino," Asociación Argentina de Economía Política: Working Papers 4763, Asociación Argentina de Economía Política.
  • Handle: RePEc:aep:anales:4763
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    4. Hungerford, Thomas & Solon, Gary, 1987. "Sheepskin Effects in the Returns to Education," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 69(1), pages 175-177, February.
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    JEL classification:

    • I2 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Education
    • J3 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs

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