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Subempleo y ocupación de los jóvenes y ciclo económico: La importancia del nivel educativo y la especialidad

In: Investigaciones de Economía de la Educación 11

Author

Listed:
  • Olga María Rodríguez Rodríguez

    (Universidad de La Laguna)

  • Juan Acosta Ballesteros

    (Universidad de La Laguna)

  • María del Pilar Osorno del Rosal

    (Universidad de La Laguna)

Abstract

La profunda crisis económica ha supuesto graves problemas laborales para los jóvenes en España. Además del desempleo, una situación cada vez más habitual es el subempleo por insuficiencia de horas de trabajo. No obstante, el impacto de una recesión depende del bagaje educativo de los trabajadores. El objetivo fundamental de este artículo es determinar si la educación ha sido un mecanismo de “defensa” contra la crisis o si solo lo ha sido para ciertos colectivos. Utilizando datos de la EPA, se estiman modelos probit bivariantes con selección en tres periodos diferentes (2006-2008, 2009-2011 y 2012-2014) para analizar la probabilidad que tienen los jóvenes de estar subempleados, teniendo en cuenta simultáneamente sus posibilidades de ocupación. Los resultados indican que estas probabilidades han aumentado para todos los niveles educativos, si bien los estudios terciarios han amortiguado el efecto de la crisis, especialmente en términos de ocupación. Sin embargo, si se tiene en cuenta la especialidad, esta ventaja relativa no se aprecia para todos los campos de estudio: si bien los titulados universitarios de la rama sanitaria son el colectivo que ha padecido en menor medida la recesión, otras especialidades, como las técnicas, asociadas a una buena situación en la fase expansiva, han empeorado de manera apreciable. Aunque los trabajadores con educación primaria son siempre los que tiene menor probabilidad de acceder al empleo, no son el colectivo que se enfrenta al mayor riesgo de subempleo, ya que jóvenes con un mayor nivel educativo especializados en ciertas ramas, como arte, humanidades y educación, ocupan peores posiciones en esta dimensión. También se observa que en la primera fase de la crisis las diferencias entre bagajes educativos se ampliaron fundamentalmente en términos de ocupación, mientras que en la etapa final se agudizaron algo más en términos de subempleo.

Suggested Citation

  • Olga María Rodríguez Rodríguez & Juan Acosta Ballesteros & María del Pilar Osorno del Rosal, 2016. "Subempleo y ocupación de los jóvenes y ciclo económico: La importancia del nivel educativo y la especialidad," Investigaciones de Economía de la Educación volume 11, in: José Manuel Cordero Ferrera & Rosa Simancas Rodríguez (ed.), Investigaciones de Economía de la Educación 11, edition 1, volume 11, chapter 39, pages 699-718, Asociación de Economía de la Educación.
    • Handle: RePEc:aec:ieed11:11-39
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    nivel educativo y especialidad; subempleo y ocupación; ciclo económico;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • J24 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Human Capital; Skills; Occupational Choice; Labor Productivity
    • J21 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure

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