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Relación entre competitividad general y de la educación superior en cinco países de América Latina

In: Investigaciones de Economía de la Educación 9

Author

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  • Santos Lopez Leyva

    (Universidad Autonoma de Baja California)

Abstract

La presente comunicación establece una relación entre la competitividad general y la competitividad de la educación superior en cinco países de América Latina, estos países son: Argentina, Brasil, Chile, Colombia y México. Se seleccionan estos países por contar con universidades de clase mundial. Para el grado de competitividad se considera el World Competitiveness Report 2007-2013. En el aspecto teórico se hace un repaso de la relación educación-desarrollo económico, centrando el análisis la categoría competitividad, tal como la entiende el World Economic Forum. En los datos económicos se revisa el ingreso per cápita de los países, después se pasa a la competitividad, considerando la competitividad general, con sus doce pilares, dividida por grupos de factores: básicos, de eficiencia y de innovación. Se pasa después al análisis de la educación superior, la cual constituye el quinto pilar de la competitividad. Los indicadores que se toman en cuenta son la matrícula, calidad del sistema educativo, calidad de la enseñanza en matemáticas y ciencias, calidad de la administración de las universidades, acceso a internet por parte de las universidades y disponibilidad local de investigación científica. La discusión de resultados se hace por países empezando por los países que mejoraron su competitividad, estos son Brasil y México, después Colombia que se mantuvo constante y por último, Chile y Argentina los cuales perdieron puntos. Se encuentra que Brasil y México mejoraron su competitividad general, pero bajaron en la competitividad de sus universidades, sobre todo en la calidad del sistema educativo y en la enseñanza de las matemáticas y ciencias; Colombia se mantuvo constante, y Argentina y Chile perdieron puntos en la competitividad general pero se ubicaron mejor en la competitividad de sus universidades. Considerando, solo el espacio de estos cinco países, existe una relación inversa entre competitividad general y la competitividad alcanzada por la educación superior

Suggested Citation

  • Santos Lopez Leyva, 2014. "Relación entre competitividad general y de la educación superior en cinco países de América Latina," Investigaciones de Economía de la Educación volume 9, in: Adela García Aracil & Isabel Neira Gómez (ed.), Investigaciones de Economía de la Educación 9, edition 1, volume 9, chapter 15, pages 305-322, Asociación de Economía de la Educación.
    • Handle: RePEc:aec:ieed09:09-15
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Pritchett, Lant, 2006. "Does Learning to Add up Add up? The Returns to Schooling in Aggregate Data," Handbook of the Economics of Education, in: Erik Hanushek & F. Welch (ed.), Handbook of the Economics of Education, edition 1, volume 1, chapter 11, pages 635-695, Elsevier.
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Competitiveness; Higher Education; Economic Development; Latin America;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • I23 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Education - - - Higher Education; Research Institutions
    • I25 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Education - - - Education and Economic Development
    • N36 - Economic History - - Labor and Consumers, Demography, Education, Health, Welfare, Income, Wealth, Religion, and Philanthropy - - - Latin America; Caribbean

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