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Prompt Recapitalization Act

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In 1997, Japan's banks were in crisis due to hundreds of billions of dollars of non-performing real estate loans. In response, the government performed three rounds of capital injections in 1998, 1999, and the early 2000s. The capital injection of 1999, authorized by the Prompt Recapitalization Act, made as much as JPY25 trillion ($208 billion) available to financial institutions that applied, regardless of their capitalization. By the end of the injection window, 32 banks and trusts applied for and received JPY8.6 trillion ($71.6 billion) total in preferred shares and subordinated debts. The Act required banks to submit and adhere to restructuring plans in order to receive capital, leading to a series of mergers and acquisitions. However, differing accounting methodologies, evergreening, and double gearing allowed for systemic undercapitalization even with injections intended to help institutions meet reserve requirements.

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  • Unnava, Vaasavi, 2021. "Prompt Recapitalization Act," Journal of Financial Crises, Yale Program on Financial Stability (YPFS), vol. 3(3), pages 254-284, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:ysm:ypfsfc:331515
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    1. Ricardo J. Caballero & Takeo Hoshi & Anil K. Kashyap, 2008. "Zombie Lending and Depressed Restructuring in Japan," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 98(5), pages 1943-1977, December.
    2. Anil K. Kashyap, 2002. "Sorting out Japan's financial crisis," Economic Perspectives, Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, vol. 26(Q IV), pages 42-55.
    3. Alan Ahearne & Naoki Shinada, 2005. "Zombie firms and economic stagnation in Japan," International Economics and Economic Policy, Springer, vol. 2(4), pages 363-381, December.
    4. Mitsuhiro Fukao, 2003. "Financial Sector Profitability and Double-Gearing," NBER Chapters, in: Structural Impediments to Growth in Japan, pages 9-36, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    5. Hoshi, Takeo & Kashyap, Anil K, 2010. "Will the U.S. bank recapitalization succeed? Eight lessons from Japan," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 97(3), pages 398-417, September.
    6. Hiroshi Nakaso, 1999. "Recent banking sector reforms in Japan," Economic Policy Review, Federal Reserve Bank of New York, vol. 5(Jul), pages 1-7.
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    Cited by:

    1. Dreyer, Mallory, 2021. "The Resolution and Collection Corporation of Japan," Journal of Financial Crises, Yale Program on Financial Stability (YPFS), vol. 3(2), pages 410-449, April.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    capital injection; double gearing; evergreening; Financial Reconstruction Commission; Japan; Japanese Financial Crisis; jusen; non-performing loans; Resolution and Collection Corporation; zombie lending;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • G01 - Financial Economics - - General - - - Financial Crises
    • G28 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Government Policy and Regulation

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