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Emergent Features In A General Food Web Simulation: Lotka–Volterra, Gause'S Law, And The Paradox Of Enrichment

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  • TED CARMICHAEL

    (Department of Software and Information Systems, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, 9201 University City Blvd., Charlotte, NC 28213, USA;
    Dickson Advanced Analytics Group, Carolinas HealthCare System, 720 E. Morehead St., Charlotte, NC 28202, USA)

  • MIRSAD HADZIKADIC

    (Department of Software and Information Systems, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, 9201 University City Blvd., Charlotte, NC 28213, USA)

Abstract

Computer simulations of complex food-webs are important tools for deepening our understanding of these systems. Yet most computer models assume, rather than generate, key system-level patterns, or use mathematical modeling approaches that make it difficult to fully account for nonlinear dynamics. In this paper, we present a computer simulation model that addresses these concerns by focusing on assumptions of agentattributesrather than agentoutcomes. Our model utilizes the techniques of complex adaptive systems and agent-based modeling so that system level patterns of a marine ecosystem emerge from the interactions of thousands of individual computer agents. This methodology is validated by using this general simulation model to replicate fundamental properties of a marine ecosystem, including: (i) the predator–prey oscillations found in Lotka–Volterra; (ii) the stepped pattern of biomass accrual from resource enrichment; (iii) the Paradox of Enrichment; and (iv) Gause's Law.

Suggested Citation

  • Ted Carmichael & Mirsad Hadzikadic, 2013. "Emergent Features In A General Food Web Simulation: Lotka–Volterra, Gause'S Law, And The Paradox Of Enrichment," Advances in Complex Systems (ACS), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 16(08), pages 1-23.
    • Handle: RePEc:wsi:acsxxx:v:16:y:2013:i:08:n:s0219525913500148
    DOI: 10.1142/S0219525913500148
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Unknown, 2005. "Allied Social Science Association Meetings," Amber Waves:The Economics of Food, Farming, Natural Resources, and Rural America, United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, pages 1-2, February.
    2. John H. Miller & Scott E. Page, 2007. "Complexity in Social Worlds, from Complex Adaptive Systems: An Introduction to Computational Models of Social Life," Introductory Chapters, in: Complex Adaptive Systems: An Introduction to Computational Models of Social Life, Princeton University Press.
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