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Not all that glitters is gold: Financial access, microfinance, and female unemployment in sub‐Saharan Africa

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  • Simplice A. Asongu
  • Therese E. Zogo
  • Mariette C. N. Mete
  • Barbara D. Mensah

Abstract

The present study assesses the relevance of microfinance institutions (MFIs) in the effect of financial access on gender economic inclusion in 44 countries in sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA) for the period 2004–2018. The adopted empirical strategy is interactive quantile regressions that are tailored to account for both simultaneity and unobserved heterogeneity. Two MFI dynamics are employed: MFIs per 1,000 km2 and MFIs per 100,000 adults. Financial access is measured in terms of female bank account ownership while gender inclusion is measured in terms of reducing female unemployment. We find that MFIs per 1,000 km2 must reach thresholds of between 2.328 and 2.490 at the 90th quantile of the female unemployment distribution in order for female bank account ownership to reduce female unemployment. The partial validity of the tested hypothesis is clarified and we note a few policy implications. 本研究评估了2004年至2018年期间小额信贷机构(MFI)在“撒哈拉以南非洲(SSA)44个国家的金融服务获取对性别经济包容性的影响”一事中的相关性。采用的实证策略是交互式分位数回归,该回归专门用于解释同时性和未观察到的异质性。采用了两种MFI动态:每1000平方公里的MFI和每十万名成年人的MFI。金融服务获取以“女性拥有银行账户”来衡量,而性别包容性则以“减少女性失业”来衡量。每1000平方公里的MFI必须在女性失业分布的第90分位数达到2.328至2.490之间的阈值,才能让“女性拥有银行账户”减少女性失业。阐明了测试假设的部分有效性,并探讨了政策启示。 El presente estudio evalúa la relevancia de las instituciones de microfinanzas (IMF) en el efecto del acceso financiero sobre la inclusión económica de género en 44 países de África subsahariana (ASS) para el período 2004 a 2018. La estrategia empírica adoptada son regresiones cuantiles interactivas que son diseñados para tener en cuenta tanto la simultaneidad como la heterogeneidad no observada. Se emplean dos dinámicas de IMF: IMF por 1.000 km2 y IMF por 100.000 adultos. El acceso financiero se mide en términos de propiedad femenina de cuentas bancarias, mientras que la inclusión de género se mide en términos de reducción del desempleo femenino. Las IMF por cada 1.000 km2 deben alcanzar umbrales de entre 2,328 y 2,490 en el cuantil 90 de la distribución del desempleo femenino para que la propiedad femenina de una cuenta bancaria reduzca el desempleo femenino. Se aclara la validez parcial de la hipótesis probada y se discuten las implicaciones políticas.

Suggested Citation

  • Simplice A. Asongu & Therese E. Zogo & Mariette C. N. Mete & Barbara D. Mensah, 2024. "Not all that glitters is gold: Financial access, microfinance, and female unemployment in sub‐Saharan Africa," World Affairs, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 187(4), pages 421-436, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:woraff:v:187:y:2024:i:4:p:421-436
    DOI: 10.1002/waf2.12047
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