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When Will the Gender Gap in Retirement Income Narrow?

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  • William E. Even
  • David A. Macpherson

Abstract

Among recent retirees, women receive substantially less retirement income from Social Security and private pensions than men. Increases in women's labor market attachment and earnings relative to men over the past 50 years provide some optimism for an improvement in female retirement income, particularly for married women. This study shows that women's income from Social Security and private pensions has improved only slightly relative to men over the past 25 years. Using data on people approaching retirement age over the next 20 years, prospects for future improvement are investigated. One of the main conclusions is that pension income among women (particularly married women) will rise sharply relative to men's over the next few decades, but a substantial gap could remain even if women close the gap in experience and salaries.

Suggested Citation

  • William E. Even & David A. Macpherson, 2004. "When Will the Gender Gap in Retirement Income Narrow?," Southern Economic Journal, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 71(1), pages 182-200, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:wly:soecon:v:71:y:2004:i:1:p:182-200
    DOI: 10.1002/j.2325-8012.2004.tb00633.x
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Even, William E. & Macpherson, David A., 1990. "Plant size and the decline of unionism," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 32(4), pages 393-398, April.
    2. Alan S. Blinder, 1973. "Wage Discrimination: Reduced Form and Structural Estimates," Journal of Human Resources, University of Wisconsin Press, vol. 8(4), pages 436-455.
    3. Turner, John A, 1988. "Pension Survivors Insurance for Widows," Economic Inquiry, Western Economic Association International, vol. 26(3), pages 403-422, July.
    4. Even, William E & Macpherson, David A, 1990. "The Gender Gap in Pensions and Wages," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 72(2), pages 259-265, May.
    5. William E. Even & David A. Macpherson, 1994. "Gender Differences in Pensions," Journal of Human Resources, University of Wisconsin Press, vol. 29(2), pages 555-587.
    6. David Neumark, 1988. "Employers' Discriminatory Behavior and the Estimation of Wage Discrimination," Journal of Human Resources, University of Wisconsin Press, vol. 23(3), pages 279-295.
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    Cited by:

    1. Tianhong Chen & John A. Turner, 2015. "Gender and Public Pensions in China: Do Pensions Reduce the Gender Gap in Compensation?," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 7(2), pages 1-15, January.
    2. Stefania Basiglio & Noemi Oggero, 2020. "The Effects of Pension Information on Individuals’ Economic Outcomes: A Survey," Economies, MDPI, vol. 8(3), pages 1-16, August.

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