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Microenvironmental Analysis of Residential Exposure to Chromium‐Laden Wastes in and Around New Jersey Homes

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  • P.J. Lioy
  • N.C.G. Freeman
  • T. Wainman
  • A.H. Stern
  • R. Boesch
  • T. Howell
  • S.I. Shupack

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to identify the significant microenvironments that can lead to chromium exposure in Hudson County, New Jersey residential settings near or on soil contaminated with chromium waste. Measurements were made in indoor air, outdoor air, and house dust. Surface dust was found to be the best index of potential Cr exposure. The values of Cr in Hudson County household dust ranged from 3.25‐320 ng/cm2 in wipe samples and 1.0‐12 ng/cm2 in vacuum samples. Elevated Cr in household dust was found to be related to residential locations near large chromium waste sites, household cleaning habits, and house renovation activities. Outdoor Cr air levels were similar to those obtained in other urban areas at these seasons of the year, approximately 5‐7 ng/m3. Comparisons with measurements of the Cr levels in urine found that the elevated Cr in dust was associated with elevated excretion of Cr. Site‐specific Cr differences in household dust suggest different sources and routes of exposure. Within the total group of homes in the present study, Cr in household dust was the major influence on household exposure.

Suggested Citation

  • P.J. Lioy & N.C.G. Freeman & T. Wainman & A.H. Stern & R. Boesch & T. Howell & S.I. Shupack, 1992. "Microenvironmental Analysis of Residential Exposure to Chromium‐Laden Wastes in and Around New Jersey Homes," Risk Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 12(2), pages 287-299, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:wly:riskan:v:12:y:1992:i:2:p:287-299
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1539-6924.1992.tb00676.x
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. John K. Hawley, 1985. "Assessment of Health Risk from Exposure to Contaminated Soil," Risk Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 5(4), pages 289-302, December.
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    Cited by:

    1. Alan H. Stern & Natalie C. G. Freeman & Michael Gochfeld, 1996. "Response to “Urinary Excretion of Chromium Following Ingestion of Chromite‐Ore Processing Residues in Humans: Implications for Biomonitoring” by Gargas et al," Risk Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 16(5), pages 605-607, October.
    2. Brent L. Finley & Paul K. Scott & Douglas A. Mayhall, 1994. "Development of a Standard Soil‐to‐Skin Adherence Probability Density Function for Use in Monte Carlo Analyses of Dermal Exposure," Risk Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 14(4), pages 555-569, August.

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