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Uncertainties in Pharmacokinetic Modeling for Perchloroethylene. I. Comparison of Model Structure, Parameters, and Predictions for Low‐Dose Metabolism Rates for Models Derived by Different Authors

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  • Dale Hattis
  • Paul White
  • Laura Marmorstein
  • Paul Koch

Abstract

In recent years physiologically based pharmacokinetic models have come to play an increasingly important role in risk assessment for carcinogens. The hope is that they can help open the black box between external exposure and carcinogenic effects to experimental observations, and improve both high‐dose to low‐dose and interspecies projections of risk. However, to date, there have been only relatively preliminary efforts to assess the uncertainties in current modeling results. In this paper we compare the physiologically based pharmacokinetic models (and model predictions of risk‐related overall metabolism) that have been produced by seven different sets of authors for perchloroethylene (tetrachloroethylene). The most striking conclusion from the data is that most of the differences in risk‐related model predictions are attributable to the choice of the data sets used for calibrating the metabolic parameters. Second, it is clear that the bottom‐line differences among the model predictions are appreciable. Overall, the ratios of low‐dose human to bioassay rodent metabolism spanned a 30‐fold range for the six available human/rat comparisons, and the seven predicted ratios of low‐dose human to bioassay mouse metabolism spanned a 13‐fold range. (The greater range for the rat/human comparison is attributable to a structural assumption by one author group of competing linear and saturable pathways, and their conclusion that the dangerous saturable pathway constitutes a minor fraction of metabolism in rats.) It is clear that there are a number of opportunities for modelers to make different choices of model structure, interpretive assumptions, and calibrating data in the process of constructing pharmacokinetic models for use in estimating “delivered” or “biologically effective” dose for carcinogenesis risk assessments. We believe that in presenting the results of such modeling studies, it is important for researchers to explore the results of alternative, reasonably likely approaches for interpreting the available data—and either show that any conclusions they make are relatively insensitive to particular interpretive choices, or to acknowledge the differences in conclusions that would result from plausible alternative views of the world.

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  • Dale Hattis & Paul White & Laura Marmorstein & Paul Koch, 1990. "Uncertainties in Pharmacokinetic Modeling for Perchloroethylene. I. Comparison of Model Structure, Parameters, and Predictions for Low‐Dose Metabolism Rates for Models Derived by Different Authors," Risk Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 10(3), pages 449-458, September.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:riskan:v:10:y:1990:i:3:p:449-458
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1539-6924.1990.tb00528.x
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Kenneth T. Bogen & Thomas E. McKone, 1988. "Linking Indoor Air and Pharmacokinetic Models to Assess Tetrachloroethylene Risk," Risk Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 8(4), pages 509-520, December.
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    1. Dale Hattis & Paul White & Paul Koch, 1993. "Uncertainties in Pharmacokinetic Modeling for Perchloroethylene: II. Comparison of Model Predictions with Data for a Variety of Different Parameters," Risk Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 13(6), pages 599-610, December.
    2. Kimberly M. Thompson & John S. Evans, 1997. "The Value of Improved National Exposure Information for Perchloroethylene (Perc): A Case Study for Dry Cleaners," Risk Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 17(2), pages 253-271, April.
    3. Jeffrey W. Fisher & Bruce C. Allen, 1993. "Evaluating the Risk of Liver Cancer in Humans Exposed to Trichloroethylene Using Physiological Models," Risk Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 13(1), pages 87-95, February.
    4. Tracey J. Woodruff & Frédéric Y. Bois & David Auslander & Robert C. Spear, 1992. "Structure and Parameterization of Pharmacokinetic Models: Their Impact on Model Predictions," Risk Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 12(2), pages 189-201, June.

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