IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/wly/revfec/v38y2020i2p300-320.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Determinants of discounts in equity rights issues: An international comparison

Author

Listed:
  • Nils Bobenhausen
  • Wolfgang Breuer
  • Astrid Salzmann

Abstract

Equity rights offerings are the predominant SEO flotation method in many European and Asian countries. Several previous studies focus on rights offerings, but these studies often measure solely the announcement effects of these offerings and pay little attention to the discount. This study seeks to close this gap, explain the discounts on such rights offerings, and determine the drivers of offering discounts with a focus on cultural effects regarding the level of uncertainty avoidance. Based on the existing literature, we develop several hypotheses and find supporting evidence for these hypotheses in our data. Our main finding is that the most important factors for explaining the discount on an equity rights offer are the level of uncertainty avoidance, the quality of a firm, and the level of uncertainty about firm value.

Suggested Citation

  • Nils Bobenhausen & Wolfgang Breuer & Astrid Salzmann, 2020. "Determinants of discounts in equity rights issues: An international comparison," Review of Financial Economics, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 38(2), pages 300-320, April.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:revfec:v:38:y:2020:i:2:p:300-320
    DOI: 10.1002/rfe.1073
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://doi.org/10.1002/rfe.1073
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1002/rfe.1073?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Jean-François Gajewski & Edith Ginglinger, 2002. "Seasoned Equity Issues in a Closely Held Market: Evidence from France," Review of Finance, European Finance Association, vol. 6(3), pages 291-319.
    2. Stewart C. Myers & Nicholas S. Majluf, 1984. "Corporate Financing and Investment Decisions When Firms Have InformationThat Investors Do Not Have," NBER Working Papers 1396, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    3. Dhatt, Manjeet S. & Kim, Yong H. & Mukherji, Sandip, 1996. "Seasoned equity issues: The Korean experience," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 4(1), pages 31-43, May.
    4. Myers, Stewart C. & Majluf, Nicholas S., 1984. "Corporate financing and investment decisions when firms have information that investors do not have," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 13(2), pages 187-221, June.
    5. Wolfgang Breuer, 2008. "Bounded Rationality, Rights Offerings, and Optimal Subscription Prices," Schmalenbach Business Review (sbr), LMU Munich School of Management, vol. 60(3), pages 224-248, July.
    6. Cronqvist, Henrik & Nilsson, Mattias, 2005. "The choice between rights offerings and private equity placements," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 78(2), pages 375-407, November.
    7. Nickolaos V. Tsangarakis, 1996. "Shareholder Wealth Effects of Equity Issues in Emerging Markets: Evidence from Rights Offerings in Greece," Financial Management, Financial Management Association, vol. 25(3), Fall.
    8. Robert S. Hansen, 1988. "The Demise of the Rights Issue," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 1(3), pages 289-309.
    9. Chuck C Y Kwok & Solomon Tadesse, 2006. "National culture and financial systems," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 37(2), pages 227-247, March.
    10. Tan, Ruth S. K. & Chng, P. L. & Tong, Y. H., 2002. "Private placements and rights issues in Singapore," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 10(1), pages 29-54, January.
    11. French, Kenneth R & Poterba, James M, 1991. "Investor Diversification and International Equity Markets," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 81(2), pages 222-226, May.
    12. Tesar, Linda L. & Werner, Ingrid M., 1995. "Home bias and high turnover," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 14(4), pages 467-492, August.
    13. Beugelsdijk, Sjoerd & Frijns, Bart, 2010. "A cultural explanation of the foreign bias in international asset allocation," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 34(9), pages 2121-2131, September.
    14. Kim, Yongtae & Park, Myung Seok, 2005. "Pricing of Seasoned Equity Offers and Earnings Management," Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 40(2), pages 435-463, June.
    15. Heinkel, Robert L & Schwartz, Eduardo S, 1986. "Rights versus Underwritten Offerings: An Asymmetric Information Approach," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 41(1), pages 1-18, March.
    16. Marsden, Alastair, 2000. "Shareholder wealth effects of rights issues: Evidence from the New Zealand capital market," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 8(3-4), pages 419-442, July.
    17. Don M. Autore & Jared R. DeLisle, 2016. "Skewness Preference and Seasoned Equity Offers," The Review of Corporate Finance Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 5(2), pages 200-238.
    18. Eckbo, B. Espen & Masulis, Ronald W., 1992. "Adverse selection and the rights offer paradox," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 32(3), pages 293-332, December.
    19. Kabir, Rezaul & Roosenboom, Peter, 2003. "Can the stock market anticipate future operating performance? Evidence from equity rights issues," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 9(1), pages 93-113, January.
    20. John R. Graham & Michelle Hanlon & Terry Shevlin & Nemit Shroff, 2017. "Tax Rates and Corporate Decision-making," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 30(9), pages 3128-3175.
    21. Kenneth A. Kim & Hyun‐Han Shin, 2004. "The Puzzling Increase in the Underpricing of Seasoned Equity Offerings," The Financial Review, Eastern Finance Association, vol. 39(3), pages 343-365, August.
    22. Shane A. Corwin, 2003. "The Determinants of Underpricing for Seasoned Equity Offers," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 58(5), pages 2249-2279, October.
    23. B[oslash]hren, [Oslash]yvind & Eckbo, B. Espen & Michalsen, Dag, 1997. "Why underwrite rights offerings? Some new evidence," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 46(2), pages 223-261, November.
    24. repec:dau:papers:123456789/1949 is not listed on IDEAS
    25. Altinkilic, Oya & Hansen, Robert S., 2003. "Discounting and underpricing in seasoned equity offers," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 69(2), pages 285-323, August.
    26. Hansen, Robert S & Pinkerton, John M, 1982. "Direct Equity Financing: A Resolution of a Paradox," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 37(3), pages 651-665, June.
    27. Mohamed Ghaly & Viet Anh Dang & Konstantinos Stathopoulos, 2017. "Cash Holdings and Labor Heterogeneity: The Role of Skilled Labor," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 30(10), pages 3636-3668.
    28. Balachandran, Balasingham & Faff, Robert & Theobald, Michael & van Zijl, Tony, 2012. "Rights Offerings, Subscription Period, Shareholder Takeup, and Liquidity," Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 47(1), pages 213-239, February.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Massa, Massimo & Mataigne, Virginie & Vermaelen, Theo & Xu, Moqi, 2017. "Choices in Equity Finance A Global Perspective," CEPR Discussion Papers 11987, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    2. Consuelo Riano & Fco. Javier Ruiz & Rafael Santamaria, 2007. "Determinants of the underpricing of new shares during the subscription period: empirical evidence from the Spanish stock exchange," Applied Financial Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 17(7), pages 521-540.
    3. Massa, Massimo & Vermaelen, Theo & Xu, Moqi, 2013. "Rights offerings, trading, and regulation: a global perspective," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 55403, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
    4. Holderness, Clifford G., 2018. "Equity issuances and agency costs: The telling story of shareholder approval around the world," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 129(3), pages 415-439.
    5. Marisetty, Vijaya B. & Marsden, Alastair & Veeraraghavan, Madhu, 2008. "Price reaction to rights issues in the Indian capital market," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 16(3), pages 316-340, June.
    6. Edith Ginglinger & Laure Matsoukis & Fabrice Riva, 2013. "Seasoned Equity Offerings: Stock Market Liquidity and the Rights Offer Paradox," Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 40(1-2), pages 215-238, January.
    7. repec:dau:papers:123456789/10852 is not listed on IDEAS
    8. Kim, Ju Hyun & Song, Kyojik, 2020. "The choice of SEO method in Korea: Rights vs. public offers," Journal of Financial Markets, Elsevier, vol. 51(C).
    9. Balachandran, Balasingham & Faff, Robert & Theobald, Michael, 2008. "Rights offerings, takeup, renounceability, and underwriting status," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 89(2), pages 328-346, August.
    10. Hue Hwa Au Yong & Christine Brown & Choy Yeing (Chloe) Ho & Chander Shekhar, 2021. "Rights issues: Retail shareholders and their participation decisions," International Review of Finance, International Review of Finance Ltd., vol. 21(3), pages 917-944, September.
    11. Suchard, Jo-Ann, 2005. "The use of stand alone warrants as unique capital raising instruments," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 29(5), pages 1095-1112, May.
    12. Dang, Li & Yang, J. Jimmy, 2013. "The choice between rights and underwritten equity offerings: Evidence from Chinese stock markets," Journal of Multinational Financial Management, Elsevier, vol. 23(3), pages 235-253.
    13. Consuelo Riaño Gil & Francisco Javier Ruiz Cabestre & Rafael Santamaría Aquilué, 2004. "Formación de precios de suscripción en el mercado bursátil español: algunas consideraciones," Investigaciones Economicas, Fundación SEPI, vol. 28(1), pages 141-191, January.
    14. Nils-Christian Bobenhausen & Astrid Juliane Salzmann, 2021. "Discount, transparency and announcements effects of equity rights offerings: international evidence," Journal of Business Economics, Springer, vol. 91(5), pages 733-758, July.
    15. Holderness, Clifford G. & Pontiff, Jeffrey, 2016. "Shareholder nonparticipation in valuable rights offerings: New findings for an old puzzle," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 120(2), pages 252-268.
    16. Marsden, Alastair, 2000. "Shareholder wealth effects of rights issues: Evidence from the New Zealand capital market," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 8(3-4), pages 419-442, July.
    17. repec:dau:papers:123456789/4430 is not listed on IDEAS
    18. Foley, Sean & Kwan, Amy & Low, Siyuan Adrian & Svec, Jiri, 2018. "The rise before the close: Underwriter trading around SEOs," Journal of Empirical Finance, Elsevier, vol. 48(C), pages 221-235.
    19. Adaoglu, Cahit, 2006. "Market reaction to "unsweetened" and "sweetened" rights offerings in an emerging European stock market," Journal of Multinational Financial Management, Elsevier, vol. 16(3), pages 249-268, July.
    20. repec:dau:papers:123456789/3035 is not listed on IDEAS
    21. Lee, Chin-Chong & Poon, Wai-Ching & Sinnakkannu, Jothee, 2014. "Why are rights offers in Hong Kong so different?," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 26(C), pages 176-197.
    22. repec:dau:papers:123456789/2939 is not listed on IDEAS
    23. Cronqvist, Henrik & Nilsson, Mattias, 2005. "The choice between rights offerings and private equity placements," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 78(2), pages 375-407, November.
    24. Bortolotti, Bernardo & Megginson, William & Smart, Scott B., 2007. "The Rise of Accelerated Seasoned Equity Underwritings," Privatisation Regulation Corporate Governance Working Papers 12190, Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei (FEEM).

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:wly:revfec:v:38:y:2020:i:2:p:300-320. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Wiley Content Delivery (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://doi.org/10.1002/(ISSN)1873-5924 .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.