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Greenhouse gas emissions, grain yield and water productivity: a paddy rice field case study based in Myanmar

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  • Ei Phyu Win
  • Kyaw Kyaw Win
  • Sonoko D. Bellingrath‐Kimura
  • Aung Zaw Oo

Abstract

Climate change is a vital environmental issue that significantly affects rice productivity. Rice paddy fields are one of the greatest anthropogenic sources of methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. To evaluate the combined effects of manure amendment and water management on GHG emissions, grain yield and water productivity per rice yield in a lowland rice field with a sandy clay loam soil in Myanmar, this study was conducted with a split‐plot design. Two water management practices (continuous flooding [CF] and alternate wetting and drying [AWD]) and four levels of cow dung manure (0, 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5 t ha−1) were applied with three replications in the dry (February–May) and wet (July–October) seasons in 2017. In the dry season, significantly higher cumulative methane (CH4) emissions (50.5%) were recorded in CF than in AWD, while cumulative nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions were 70% higher in AWD than in CF, although the difference was not significant. Manure application showed no effect on CH4 and N2O emissions compared with the no‐manure control, irrespective of application level. In the wet season, significantly higher cumulative CH4 emissions (65.2%) were again recorded in CF than in AWD; however, the cumulative N2O emissions were similar between CF and AWD. Methane and N2O emissions in the wet season were 65.8 and 35.8% higher, respectively, than those in the dry season. In both seasons, higher grain yields (1.8% in dry and 7.6% in wet) and higher water productivity (130% in dry and 31% in wet) were recorded in AWD than in CF. Increased grain yields (18.9% in dry and 7.7% in wet) and water productivity (25.5% in dry and 15.8% in wet) were recorded in the manure treatments compared to those in the no‐manure treatment. This study presents quantitative data on how manure amendment and water management affected GHG emissions in a paddy field in Myanmar. © 2020 The Authors. Greenhouse Gases: Science and Technology published by Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Suggested Citation

  • Ei Phyu Win & Kyaw Kyaw Win & Sonoko D. Bellingrath‐Kimura & Aung Zaw Oo, 2020. "Greenhouse gas emissions, grain yield and water productivity: a paddy rice field case study based in Myanmar," Greenhouse Gases: Science and Technology, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 10(5), pages 884-897, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:wly:greenh:v:10:y:2020:i:5:p:884-897
    DOI: 10.1002/ghg.2011
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    1. Noppol Arunrat & Nathsuda Pumijumnong, 2017. "Practices for Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Rice Production in Northeast Thailand," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 7(1), pages 1-20, January.
    2. Yo Toma & Nukhak Nufita Sari & Koh Akamatsu & Shingo Oomori & Osamu Nagata & Seiichi Nishimura & Benito H. Purwanto & Hideto Ueno, 2019. "Effects of Green Manure Application and Prolonging Mid-Season Drainage on Greenhouse Gas Emission from Paddy Fields in Ehime, Southwestern Japan," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 9(2), pages 1-17, February.
    3. Belder, P. & Bouman, B. A. M. & Cabangon, R. & Guoan, Lu & Quilang, E. J. P. & Yuanhua, Li & Spiertz, J. H. J. & Tuong, T. P., 2004. "Effect of water-saving irrigation on rice yield and water use in typical lowland conditions in Asia," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 65(3), pages 193-210, March.
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