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Intrafirm resource allocation: The economics of transfer pricing and cost allocations in accounting

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  • AMIN H. AMERSHI
  • PETER CHENG

Abstract

. A theory of intrafirm allocation under information asymmetry based on Myerson's general theory of mechanisms is developed. From the general model, it is shown that every Myerson equilibrium resource allocation mechanism is a “cost plus†type of transfer pricing. Specializing the general model to allow risk†neutral agents, we derive the exact form of the compensation schemes in dominant strategy equilibrium transfer pricing mechanism. The general Myerson agency problem is transformed into a central planner's problem enabling us to bypass the first†order approach to the problem. The closed form solution shows that each of the agents' compensation schemes is composed of a profit†sharing component, a cost refund, taxes, and subsidies, making it a Groves†like scheme. Additional results show that if the principal is asymmetrically informed about one of the agents only, the agent may derive rent from private information under monotonic compensation schemes, and we provide additional conditions under which Hirshleifer's classical marginal cost pricing is in equilibrium. Résumé. Les auteurs élaborent une théorie d'affectation des ressources internes au sein de l'entreprise, en situation d'asymétrie de l'information, à partir de la théorie générale des mécanismes de Myerson. En se fondant sur le modèle général, les auteurs démontrent que chaque mécanisme d'affectation des ressources correspondant à l'équilibre de Myerson tient du prix de cession interne de type « prix coûtant majoré ». En spécialisant le modèle général de façon à permettre l'introduction de mandataires neutres à l'égard du risque, ils dérivent la forme exacte de régimes de rémunération correspondant au mécanisme de détermination du prix de cession en situation d'équilibre de la stratégie dominante. Le problème mandant†mandataire général de Myerson se transforme en problème de planificateur central, ce qui permet de court†circuiter le premier ordre d'analyse du problème. La solution de nature fermée révèle que tout régime de rémunération des mandataires est composé d'un élément de participation aux bénéfices, de remboursement de frais, de taxes et de subventions, ce qui l'apparente à celui de Groves. D'autres résultats indiquent que si le mandant obtient de l'information asymétrique de l'un des mandataires seulement, ce dernier peut tirer, dans le cadre de regimes de remuneration monotoniques, un loyer de l'information privilégiée qu'il communique. Les auteurs ajoutent des conditions supplémentaires selon lesquelles l'établissement du prix selon la méthode classique de Hirshleifer en fonction des coûts marginaux est en équilibre.

Suggested Citation

  • Amin H. Amershi & Peter Cheng, 1990. "Intrafirm resource allocation: The economics of transfer pricing and cost allocations in accounting," Contemporary Accounting Research, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 7(1), pages 61-99, September.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:coacre:v:7:y:1990:i:1:p:61-99
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1911-3846.1990.tb00801.x
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    1. Elitzur, Ramy & Mintz, Jack, 1996. "Transfer pricing rules and corporate tax competition," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 60(3), pages 401-422, June.
    2. Charles E. Hyde & Chongwoo Choe, 2005. "Keeping Two Sets of Books: The Relationship Between Tax and Incentive Transfer Prices," Journal of Economics & Management Strategy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 14(1), pages 165-186, March.
    3. V. G. Narayanan & Michael Smith, 2000. "Impact of Competition and Taxes on Responsibility Center Organization and Transfer Prices," Contemporary Accounting Research, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 17(3), pages 497-529, September.
    4. Hermann Jahnke & Anne Chwolka, 1998. "Strategische Kostenrechnung: Eine spieltheoretische Begriffsbildung," Schmalenbach Journal of Business Research, Springer, vol. 50(7), pages 656-677, July.
    5. Jeffrey A. Yost, 1993. "Costly Communication and Delegation in Multiple‐Division Firms," Intelligent Systems in Accounting, Finance and Management, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 2(4), pages 305-317, December.
    6. Edward Johnson & Nicole Bastian Johnson & Thomas Pfeiffer, 2016. "Dual transfer pricing with internal and external trade," Review of Accounting Studies, Springer, vol. 21(1), pages 140-164, March.
    7. Laixun Zhao, 2000. "Decentralization and Transfer Pricing Under Oligopoly," Southern Economic Journal, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 67(2), pages 414-426, October.
    8. Pfeiffer, Thomas & Wagner, Joachim, 2007. "Internal markets or hierachies: Transfer prices or budgets?," Journal of Economics and Business, Elsevier, vol. 59(3), pages 241-255.
    9. Christian Hofmann & Thomas Pfeiffer, 2006. "Verfügungsrechte und spezifische Investitionen: Steuerung über Budgets oder Verrechnungspreise?," Schmalenbach Journal of Business Research, Springer, vol. 58(4), pages 426-454, June.
    10. Clemens Löffler & Thomas Pfeiffer & Ulf Schiller & Joachim Wagner, 2011. "Zentralisierung, Transferpreise und spezifische Investitionen: Ein selektiver Verfahrensvergleich," Schmalenbach Journal of Business Research, Springer, vol. 63(63), pages 1-33, January.
    11. Chongwoo Choe & Charles E. Hyde, 2007. "Multinational Transfer Pricing, Tax Arbitrage and the Arm's Length Principle," The Economic Record, The Economic Society of Australia, vol. 83(263), pages 398-404, December.
    12. Eric John Slof, 1999. "Transfer prices and incentive contracts in vertically-integrated divisionalized companies," European Accounting Review, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 8(2), pages 265-286.
    13. Tim Baldenius & Stefan Reichelstein, 1998. "Alternative Verfahren zur Bestimmung innerbetrieblicher Verrechnungspreise," Schmalenbach Journal of Business Research, Springer, vol. 50(3), pages 236-259, March.
    14. Thomas Pfeiffer & Joachim Wagner, 2007. "Die Rekonstruktion interner Märkte, das Dilemma der pretialen Lenkung und spezifi sche Investitionsprobleme," Schmalenbach Journal of Business Research, Springer, vol. 59(8), pages 958-981, December.
    15. John A. Christensen, 2004. "Discussion," German Economic Review, Verein für Socialpolitik, vol. 5(2), pages 231-235, May.
    16. Rajiv D. Banker & Srikant M. Datar, 1992. "Optimal transfer pricing under postcontract information," Contemporary Accounting Research, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 8(2), pages 329-352, March.

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