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The design of external reference pricing schemes and the choice of reference countries and pricing rules

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  • Laura Birg

Abstract

External reference pricing imposes a price cap for drugs based on prices in other countries. I study the choice of reference countries and pricing rules in a three‐country framework. If the manufacturer sells to all three countries, the minimum price rule yields the lowest drug price. If the referencing country is sufficiently large, the manufacturer may not export to reference countries under the minimum price rule. External reference pricing creates the incentive for the reference countries also to adopt external reference pricing. Thus, external reference pricing results in price convergence. La conception des structures de prix de référence externe et le choix des pays de référence et des règles d'établissement des prix. Un prix de référence externe impose un plafond tarifaire aux médicaments selon les prix fixés dans les autres pays. J'étudie le choix des pays de référence et des règles d'établissement des prix, dans un cadre à trois pays. Si le fabricant vend un médicament dans les trois pays, la règle du prix minimum produit le prix le plus faible pour le médicament. Si le pays de référence est suffisamment grand, le fabricant peut décider de ne pas exporter vers les autres pays de référence pour un prix moindre. Le prix de référence externe crée ainsi un incitatif pour les pays de référence afin qu'ils adoptent un prix de référence externe. Par conséquent, le prix de référence externe entraîne une convergence des prix.

Suggested Citation

  • Laura Birg, 2024. "The design of external reference pricing schemes and the choice of reference countries and pricing rules," Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'économique, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 57(4), pages 1182-1202, November.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:canjec:v:57:y:2024:i:4:p:1182-1202
    DOI: 10.1111/caje.12744
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