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Designing turnover taxes in countries with large informal sectors

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  • Feng Wei
  • Jean‐François Wen

Abstract

Turnover (sales) is frequently used in developing countries as a presumptive income tax base to economize on the costs of tax administration and taxpayer compliance. We construct a simple model where a size threshold separates firms paying turnover tax from those paying regular income tax and where firms have the option of producing in the untaxed, informal sector. The optimal turnover tax rate trades off two policy concerns: reducing informality and avoiding strategic reductions in sales by firms seeking to remain below the threshold for the regular income tax. We provide analytical results and calibrate the model to compute the optimal policy using realistic parameter values. Introducing an optimally designed turnover tax induces about 12 percentage points of previously informal enterprises to register for the presumptive regime in the calibrated model. Concevoir les taxes sur le chiffre d'affaires dans des pays ayant d'importants secteurs informels. Le chiffre d'affaires (ventes) est souvent utilisé dans les pays en développement comme assiette de l'impôt sur le revenu présumée afin d'économiser des coûts liés à l'administration de l'impôt et à la conformité des contribuables. Nous construisons un modèle simple où un seuil lié à la taille sépare les sociétés versant une taxe sur le chiffre d'affaires de celles versant un impôt sur le revenu régulier et où les sociétés peuvent produire dans un secteur informel non imposé. La taxe sur le chiffre d'affaires optimale concilie deux préoccupations politiques : réduire l'informalité et éviter les réductions stratégiques des ventes par les sociétés qui cherchent à demeurer sous le seuil de l'impôt sur le revenu régulier. Nous fournissons des résultats analytiques et calibrons le modèle pour calculer la politique optimale à l'aide de valeurs de paramètre réalistes. L'introduction d'une taxe sur le chiffre d'affaires conçue de façon optimale entraîne une augmentation d'environ 12 points de pourcentage des entreprises précédemment informelles qui s'inscrivent au régime présomptif dans le modèle calibré.

Suggested Citation

  • Feng Wei & Jean‐François Wen, 2024. "Designing turnover taxes in countries with large informal sectors," Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'économique, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 57(2), pages 528-555, May.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:canjec:v:57:y:2024:i:2:p:528-555
    DOI: 10.1111/caje.12711
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Li Liu & Ben Lockwood & Miguel Almunia & Eddy H. F. Tam, 2021. "VAT Notches, Voluntary Registration, and Bunching: Theory and U.K. Evidence," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 103(1), pages 151-164, March.
    2. Michael Carlos Best & Anne Brockmeyer & Henrik Jacobsen Kleven & Johannes Spinnewijn & Mazhar Waseem, 2015. "Production versus Revenue Efficiency with Limited Tax Capacity: Theory and Evidence from Pakistan," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 123(6), pages 1311-1355.
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