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International trade fluctuations: Global versus regional factors

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  • Krzysztof Beck
  • Karen Jackson

Abstract

This paper examines the relative importance of global, regional, country and idiosyncratic factors as well as the determinants that underpin fluctuations in international trade flows across different regions of the world. Our analysis starts by using a Bayesian dynamic latent factor model (BDFM) to simultaneously estimate the four dynamic factors, followed by the application of Bayesian model averaging to identify the variables that explain the shares of variance. Our key findings are: (i) international factors are the most important in explaining fluctuations in international trade, suggesting that the interconnections between economies and policies/shocks at the regional and global level tend to be more important than country‐level factors and (ii) regional integration, particularly when the agreement goes beyond trade in goods, is positively related to the share of the regional factor and inversely related to the importance of the global factor. Furthermore, the regional factor is more important in the case of economically large trade blocks. Overall, our analysis illustrates the usefulness of applying a BDFM model to study the co‐movements of international trade series. Fluctuations du commerce international : facteurs mondiaux et régionaux. L'article examine l'importance relative des facteurs mondiaux, régionaux, nationaux et idiosyncratiques, ainsi que les déterminants qui sous‐tendent les fluctuations des flux du commerce international entre les diverses régions du monde. Notre analyse commence en utilisant un modèle bayésien dynamique à facteurs latents pour estimer simultanément les quatre facteurs dynamiques et applique ensuite le calcul de la moyenne des modèles bayésiens pour déterminer les variables qui expliquent les parts de la variance. Nos principales constatations sont les suivantes : (i) les facteurs internationaux sont les plus importants pour expliquer les fluctuations du commerce international, ce qui suggère que les interconnections entre les économies et les politiques ou les chocs aux échelons régionaux et mondiaux tendent à être plus importantes que les facteurs à l'échelon national; (ii) l'intégration régionale, surtout lorsqu'un accord englobe d'autres aspects que le commerce de marchandises, est positivement liée à la part du facteur régional et inversement liée à l'importance du facteur mondial. En outre, le facteur régional est plus important dans le cas de groupes d'échanges commerciaux vastes sur le plan économique. De façon générale, notre analyse illustre l'utilité des modèles bayésiens dynamiques à facteurs latents dans l'étude des covariations des cycles du commerce international.

Suggested Citation

  • Krzysztof Beck & Karen Jackson, 2024. "International trade fluctuations: Global versus regional factors," Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'économique, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 57(1), pages 331-358, February.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:canjec:v:57:y:2024:i:1:p:331-358
    DOI: 10.1111/caje.12702
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    References listed on IDEAS

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