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The political economy of trade and international labour mobility

Author

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  • Sebastian Galiani
  • Gustavo Torrens

Abstract

We explore the political economy of trade and migration policies in several models of international trade. We show that in a Ricardian world, free trade and no international labour mobility is a Nash equilibrium outcome, but free trade and free international labour mobility is not. The result holds under different assumptions about the set of goods, preferences and the number of countries. An analogous result also holds in multifactor economies such as a version of the standard two‐sector Heckscher–Ohlin model, the Ricardo–Vinner specific factors model and a three‐sector model with a non‐tradeable sector. We also study several extensions of our model in which free trade and at least partial labour mobility is a Nash equilibrium outcome. One extension introduces increasing returns to scale. Another an extractive elite. Finally, we allow the recipient country to charge an immigration fee in the form of an income tax and distribute the proceeds among domestic workers, which induces a Pareto improvement for the global economy. Économie politique du commerce et mobilité internationale de la main‐d'œuvre. Dans cet article, nous étudions l'économie politique du commerce et les politiques migratoires à travers plusieurs modèles de commerce international. Dans un modèle de Ricardo, nous montrons qu'une situation de libre‐échange sans mobilité internationale de la main d'œuvre résulte d'un équilibre de Nash, ce qui n'est pas le cas en présence d'une telle mobilité. Ce résultat s'observe avec d'autres hypothèses relatives aux marchandises, aux préférences et au nombre de pays. Un résultat analogue s'observe également dans les économies de type «multifactoriel», notamment dans une version du modèle Heckscher‐Ohlin bi‐sectoriel standard, dans un modèle Ricardo‐Vinner à facteurs spécifiques ainsi que dans un modèle à trois secteurs d'activité dont un non‐échangeable. Nous étudions également plusieurs versions élargies de notre modèle dans lesquels le libre‐échange ainsi qu'une mobilité au moins partielle des travailleurs résultent d'un équilibre de Nash. Ces versions élargies introduisent notamment des rendements d'échelle croissants ou une élite extractive. Pour terminer, nous permettons aux pays destinataires de taxer l'immigration par l'entremise d'un impôt sur le revenu et de répartir ces recettes fiscales parmi les travailleurs nationaux, ce qui introduit une amélioration de Pareto au bénéfice de l'économie mondiale.

Suggested Citation

  • Sebastian Galiani & Gustavo Torrens, 2021. "The political economy of trade and international labour mobility," Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'économique, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 54(4), pages 1737-1781, November.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:canjec:v:54:y:2021:i:4:p:1737-1781
    DOI: 10.1111/caje.12568
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    Cited by:

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    3. Rikard Forslid & Sten Nyberg, 2021. "Brexit: How to Reach an Amicable Divorce," Scandinavian Journal of Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 123(3), pages 966-994, July.

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    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • F13 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Trade Policy; International Trade Organizations
    • F22 - International Economics - - International Factor Movements and International Business - - - International Migration

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