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Applying behavioural economics to public policy in Canada

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  • Robert French
  • Philip Oreopoulos

Abstract

Behavioural economics incorporates ideas from psychology, sociology and neuroscience to better predict how individuals make long‐term decisions. Often the ideas adopted include present or inattention bias, both potentially leading to suboptimal outcomes. But these models also point to opportunities for effective, low‐cost government policies that can have meaningful positive effects on people's long‐term well‐being. The last decade has been marked by a growing interest from governments the world over in using behavioural economics to inform policy decisions. This is true of Canada as well. In this paper we discuss the increasingly important role behavioural economics plays in Canadian public policy. We first contextualize government policies that have incorporated insights from behavioural economics by outlining a collection of models of intertemporal choice. We then present examples of public policy initiatives that are based upon findings in the field, placing particular emphasis on Canadian initiatives. We also document future opportunities, challenges and limitations. Appliquer l’économie comportementale à la politique publique au Canada. L’économie comportementale incorpore des idées en provenance de la psychologie, la sociologie et la neuroscience afin de mieux prédire comment les individus prennent des décisions à long terme. Souvent ces idées adoptées incluent le biais d’ancrage dans le présent ou le biais d’inattention – lesquels mènent potentiellement à des résultats sous‐optimaux. Mais ces modèles soulignent aussi les possibilités de politiques gouvernementales effectives et à bas coûts qui peuvent avoir des effets bénéfiques significatifs sur le bien‐être des gens à long terme. Il y a eu un intérêt croissant des gouvernements partout de par le monde au cours de la dernière décennie à utiliser l’économie comportementale pour informer les décisions de politiques publiques. C’est vrai pour le Canada aussi. Dans ce mémoire, on discute le rôle de plus en plus important que joue l’économie comportementale dans la politique publique au Canada. D’abord on contextualise les politiques gouvernementales qui ont incorporé des intuitions en provenance de l’économie comportementale en déclinant une collection de modèles de choix intertemporels. Ensuite, on présente des exemples d’initiatives en politique publique qui sont fondées sur des résultats dans ce champ d’études, en mettant l’accent sur les initiatives canadiennes. On documente aussi les possibilités futures, les défis et les limitations de cette avenue.

Suggested Citation

  • Robert French & Philip Oreopoulos, 2017. "Applying behavioural economics to public policy in Canada," Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'économique, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 50(3), pages 599-635, August.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:canjec:v:50:y:2017:i:3:p:599-635
    DOI: 10.1111/caje.12272
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    Cited by:

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    2. Meredith Phillips & Sarah J. Reber, 2019. "Does Virtual Advising Increase College Enrollment? Evidence from a Random Assignment College Access Field Experiment," NBER Working Papers 26509, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    3. Colin Busby, 2018. "Not Just for Kids: How to Improve Adult Vaccination Uptake in Canada," C.D. Howe Institute Commentary, C.D. Howe Institute, issue 509, April.
    4. Halit Yanıkkaya & Zeynep Aktaş Koral & Sadettin Haluk Çitçi, 2023. "The Power of Financial Incentives versus the Power of Suggestion for Individual Pension: Are Financial Incentives or Automatic Enrollment Policies More Effective?," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-18, February.
    5. Colin Busby & Aaron Jacobs & Ramya Muthukumaran, 2017. "In Need of a Booster: How to Improve Childhood Vaccination Coverage in Canada," C.D. Howe Institute Commentary, C.D. Howe Institute, issue 477, April.

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    JEL classification:

    • J10 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - General
    • J18 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Public Policy
    • J24 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Human Capital; Skills; Occupational Choice; Labor Productivity
    • J48 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Particular Labor Markets - - - Particular Labor Markets; Public Policy

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