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Tax incentives and fertility in Canada: quantum vs tempo effects

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  • Daniel Parent
  • Ling Wang

Abstract

. Using inter‐jurisdictional differences in the implementation of the Family Allowance Program in Canada in the mid‐1970s, this paper first shows that Quebec families with two or more children prior to being exposed to the program responded quite strongly to the added incentives in the short run relative to women in other Canadian provinces. Tracking down the cohorts across Censuses, we find that the same group of Quebec families subsequently showed a decrease in fertility relative to the rest of Canada, leaving ultimate family size unaffected. These results are consistent with the program having generated only a timing effect. Utilisant les différences entre juridictions dans la mise en œuvre du programme d'allocations familiales au Canada au milieu des années 70, ce mémoire montre d'abord que les familles québécoises qui avaient deux enfants ou plus avant d'être exposées au programme ont répondu très fortement aux incitations additionnelles à court terme en comparaison avec ce qui s'est passé dans les autres provinces canadiennes. En suivant les cohortes à travers les recensements, on montre que ce même groupe de familles du Québec a, par la suite, subi un déclin de fécondité par rapport au reste du Canada, ce qui a eu pour effet de laisser la taille de la famille ultimement non affectée d'une manière relative. Ces résultats sont cohérents avec la conclusion que le programme a seulement eu un effet sur le profil temporel de la fécondité.

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  • Daniel Parent & Ling Wang, 2007. "Tax incentives and fertility in Canada: quantum vs tempo effects," Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'économique, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 40(2), pages 371-400, May.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:canjec:v:40:y:2007:i:2:p:371-400
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.00413.x
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    5. Richard Crump & Gopi Shah Goda & Kevin J. Mumford, 2011. "Fertility and the Personal Exemption: Comment," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 101(4), pages 1616-1628, June.
    6. Xiaoling Ang, 2015. "The Effects of Cash Transfer Fertility Incentives and Parental Leave Benefits on Fertility and Labor Supply: Evidence from Two Natural Experiments," Journal of Family and Economic Issues, Springer, vol. 36(2), pages 263-288, June.
    7. Jérôme Adda & Christian Dustmann & Katrien Stevens, 2017. "The Career Costs of Children," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 125(2), pages 293-337.
    8. Naidoo, Jesse, 2023. "Fertility subsidies can have ambiguous effects on birth timing," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 229(C).
    9. Elmallakh, Nelly, 2021. "Fertility, Family Policy, and Labor Supply: Quasi-Experimental Evidence from France," GLO Discussion Paper Series 984, Global Labor Organization (GLO).
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    12. Janna Bergsvik & Agnes Fauske & Rannveig Kaldager Hart, 2021. "Can Policies Stall the Fertility Fall? A Systematic Review of the (Quasi‐) Experimental Literature," Population and Development Review, The Population Council, Inc., vol. 47(4), pages 913-964, December.
    13. Rannveig Kaldager Hart & Janna Bergsvik & Agnes Fauske & Wookun Kim, 2023. "Causal Analysis of Policy Effects on Fertility," CESifo Working Paper Series 10690, CESifo.
    14. Naidoo, Jesse, 2022. "Marginal Incentives for Birth Spacing," OSF Preprints q9t7u, Center for Open Science.
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    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • H31 - Public Economics - - Fiscal Policies and Behavior of Economic Agents - - - Household
    • J13 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Fertility; Family Planning; Child Care; Children; Youth

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