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Goods market responses to trade shocks and trade and wages decompositions

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  • Lisandro Abrego
  • John Whalley

Abstract

. Trade and wages literature asks whether trade or technology has been the major factor behind increases in wage inequality in OECD countries since the 1980s. In this literature, little attention has been paid to how goods market responses to trade shocks affect conclusions. Using an Armington heterogeneous goods trade model we capture demand side effects, and show how trade shocks affecting the price of unskilled‐intensive importable goods can be absorbed on the demand side of goods markets, with little or no impact on relative wage rates. No wage impact occurs if the elasticity of substitution in preferences between imports and import substitutes is one. As this elasticity increases, trade plays an ever larger role in explaining wage inequality changes, and as the elasticity goes below one the sign of the effect changes. We present some results of general equilibrium decompositions of total wage change into trade and technology components using UK data. We suggest that since many import demand elasticity estimates are in the neighbourhood of one, there is a prima facie case that goods market considerations further lower the significance of trade as an explanation of recent trends in OECD wage inequality beyond that claimed in the literature. Réponses des marchés des biens aux chocs en provenance du commerce international et décompositions des effets du commerce sur les salaires. Les travaux sur le commerce international et les salaires posent la question à savoir si c’est le commerce international ou la technologie qui a été le facteur majeur de la croissance dans l’inégalité des salaires dans les pays de l’OCDE depuis les années 80. Ces travaux attachent peu d’attention dans leurs conclusions à la façon dont les marchés de biens répondent aux chocs en provenance du commerce international. A l’aide d’un modèle de commerce international à la Armington avec bien hétérogènes, les auteurs identifient certains effets du côté de la demande et montrent comment les chocs en provenance du commerce international qui affectent le prix des biens importables, produits surtout à partir d’une main d’œuvre non‐spécialisée, peuvent être absorbés par la demande dans les marchés de biens avec peu ou pas d’impact sur les taux de salaires relatifs. Il n’y a pas d’impact sur les salaires si l’élasticité de substitution dans les préférences entre importation et exportation est unitaire. A proportion que cette élasticité s’accroît, le commerce international joue un rôle de plus en plus important dans l’explication des changements dans l’inégalité des salaires, et si l’élasticité tombe au dessous de l’unité, le signe de cet effet change. On présente quelques résultats de décompositions du changement total dans les salaires entre ce qui est attribuable au commerce international et la technologie – en contexte d’équilibre général – en utilisant des données du Royaume‐Uni. On suggère que, puisque de nombreuses évaluations des élasticités de la demande d’importation sont autour de un, on peut croire que la prise en compte de la réaction des marchés de biens tend à réduire encore l’importance relative du commerce international – davantage encore que ce que suggèrent les travaux récents – dans l’explication des tendances récentes à croissance de l’inégalité des salaires dans les pays de l’OCDE.

Suggested Citation

  • Lisandro Abrego & John Whalley, 2003. "Goods market responses to trade shocks and trade and wages decompositions," Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'économique, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 36(3), pages 747-757, August.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:canjec:v:36:y:2003:i:3:p:747-757
    DOI: 10.1111/1540-5982.t01-2-00011
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    2. Rossana Patron & Marcel Vaillant, 2012. "Can Education Policy Address The Wage Gap? A Note On Public Skill Formation In Developing Countries," Journal of International Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 24(3), pages 369-378, April.
    3. Ayodele, Olumide S. & Obafemi, Frances N., 2006. "Fiscal and Quasi-Fiscal Effects of the Parallel Exchange Premium in Nigeria," Conference papers 331503, Purdue University, Center for Global Trade Analysis, Global Trade Analysis Project.
    4. Niven Winchester, 2008. "Trade and Rising Wage Inequality: What Can We Learn from a Decade of Computable General Equilibrium Analysis?," Palgrave Macmillan Books, in: David Greenaway & Richard Upward & Peter Wright (ed.), Globalisation and Labour Market Adjustment, chapter 4, pages 54-72, Palgrave Macmillan.
    5. Niven Winchester, 2008. "Searching for the Smoking Gun: Did Trade Hurt Unskilled Workers?," The Economic Record, The Economic Society of Australia, vol. 84(265), pages 141-156, June.
    6. Harris, Richard G. & Robertson, Peter E., 2013. "Trade, wages and skill accumulation in the emerging giants," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 89(2), pages 407-421.
    7. Jean, Sébastien & Mulder, Nanno & Ramos, María Priscila, 2014. "A general equilibrium, ex-post evaluation of the EU–Chile Free Trade Agreement," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 41(C), pages 33-45.

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