IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/wly/agribz/v15y1999i1p1-23.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Predicting mergers and acquisitions in the food industry

Author

Listed:
  • Adesoji Adelaja

    (Department of Agricultural, Food and Resource Economics, Cook College, Rutgers University, 55 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901)

  • Rodolfo Nayga

    (Department of Agricultural Economics, Texas A&M University, 334 Blocker Building, College Station, TX 77843-2124)

  • Zafar Farooq

    (Copelco Capital, Inc., One International Boulevard, Mahwah, NJ 07430)

Abstract

Two logit models are estimated to explain merger and acquisition (M&A) activities in US food manufacturing using firm level data for public firms: a “target model” predicting the likelihood of a firm being targeted for M&A and a “takeover model” predicting the likelihood of a targeted firm being taken over. Target model results suggest the importance of firm liquidity, debt|leverage, profitability, growth in sales, stock earnings capacity, percentage of common stocks traded in the stock market, and market-to-book ratio. Activity or turnover ratio, firm size, and price-earnings ratio were not statistically significant. Takeover model results suggest the importance of degree of officer control, attitude surrounding the transaction, number of prior bids, existence of litigation during negotiations, and involvement of the bidder and|or target in other takeovers during negotiations. With predictive accuracy of 74.5 and 62.9%, respectively, these models suggest the systematic nature of M&A activities. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Suggested Citation

  • Adesoji Adelaja & Rodolfo Nayga & Zafar Farooq, 1999. "Predicting mergers and acquisitions in the food industry," Agribusiness, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 15(1), pages 1-23.
    • Handle: RePEc:wly:agribz:v:15:y:1999:i:1:p:1-23
    DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1520-6297(199924)15:1<1::AID-AGR1>3.0.CO;2-N
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    To our knowledge, this item is not available for download. To find whether it is available, there are three options:
    1. Check below whether another version of this item is available online.
    2. Check on the provider's web page whether it is in fact available.
    3. Perform a search for a similarly titled item that would be available.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Jensen, Michael C. & Ruback, Richard S., 1983. "The market for corporate control : The scientific evidence," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 11(1-4), pages 5-50, April.
    2. Lintner, John, 1971. "Expectations, Mergers and Equilibrium in Purely Competitive Securities Markets," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 61(2), pages 101-111, May.
    3. Tobin, James, 1969. "A General Equilibrium Approach to Monetary Theory," Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 1(1), pages 15-29, February.
    4. Langetieg, Terence C., 1978. "An application of a three-factor performance index to measure stockholder gains from merger," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 6(4), pages 365-383, December.
    5. Bruce W. Marion & Donghwan Kim, 1991. "Concentration change in selected food manufacturing industries: The influence of mergers vs. internal growth," Agribusiness, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 7(5), pages 415-431.
    6. Magee, Rp, 1974. "Industry-Wide Commonalities In Earnings," Journal of Accounting Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 12(2), pages 270-287.
    7. Stevens, Donald L., 1973. "Financial Characteristics of Merged Firms: A Multivariate Analysis," Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 8(2), pages 149-158, March.
    8. Palepu, Krishna G., 1986. "Predicting takeover targets : A methodological and empirical analysis," Journal of Accounting and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 8(1), pages 3-35, March.
    9. Dodd, Peter & Ruback, Richard, 1977. "Tender offers and stockholder returns : An empirical analysis," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 5(3), pages 351-373, December.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Hudson, Darren & Herndon, Cary W., Jr., 2000. "Mergers, Acquisitions, Joint Ventures, And Strategic Alliances In Agricultural Cooperatives," Research Reports 15799, Mississippi State University, Department of Agricultural Economics.
    2. Kim, C.S. & Hallahan, Charles B. & Schaible, Glenn D. & Leath, Mack N., 2000. "A Decomposed Regression Model For Measuring Structural Changes In The Flour Milling Industry," 2000 Annual meeting, July 30-August 2, Tampa, FL 21834, American Agricultural Economics Association (New Name 2008: Agricultural and Applied Economics Association).
    3. Richards, Timothy J. & Manfredo, Mark R., 2003. "Cooperative Mergers and Acquisitions: The Role of Capital Constraints," Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, Western Agricultural Economics Association, vol. 28(1), pages 1-17, April.
    4. Adesoji O. Adelaja & Ramyani Mukhopadhyay, 2022. "Time‐to‐completion for mergers and acquisitions in the food and agribusiness industry," Agribusiness, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 38(3), pages 579-607, July.
    5. Oliver Ebneth & Ludwig Theuvsen, 2007. "Large mergers and acquisitions of European brewing groups-event study evidence on value creation," Agribusiness, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 23(3), pages 377-406.
    6. Papageorgiou, Theofanis & Michaelides, Panayotis G. & Milios, John, 2009. "Economic Fluctuations, Cyclical Regularities and Technological Change: The U.S. Food Sector (1958–2006)," MPRA Paper 67115, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    7. Declerck, Francis, 2016. "Mergers & Acquisitions in the Food Business: How did the 2002 and 2008/2009 Economic Crises Impact Corporate Valuation?," International Journal on Food System Dynamics, International Center for Management, Communication, and Research, vol. 7(3), pages 1-13, June.
    8. Rude, James & Goddard, Ellen, 2021. "Canadian dairy regulations as a driver of foreign direct investment: the case of Saputo," International Food and Agribusiness Management Review, International Food and Agribusiness Management Association, vol. 24(3), February.
    9. Carlos J. O. Trejo‐Pech & Michael A. Gunderson & Dayton M. Lambert, 2021. "Mergers and acquisitions in the U.S. agribusiness sector, 1990–2017," Agribusiness, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 37(4), pages 713-730, October.
    10. Theofanis Papageorgiou & Panayotis G. Michaelides & John G. Milios, 2011. "Technology and economic fluctuations in the US food sector (1958‐2006)," International Journal of Social Economics, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 38(2), pages 140-164, January.
    11. Tugce Karatas & Ali Hirsa, 2021. "Predicting Status of Pre and Post M&A Deals Using Machine Learning and Deep Learning Techniques," Papers 2110.09315, arXiv.org.
    12. Dirk van der Krogt & Jerker Nilsson & Viggo Høst, 2007. "The impact of cooperatives' risk aversion and equity capital constraints on their inter-firm consolidation and collaboration strategies-with an empirical study of the European dairy industry," Agribusiness, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 23(4), pages 453-472.
    13. Neumann, Gyde & Weiss, Christoph R., 2001. "Strukturwandel durch Fusionen im Ernährungssektor: Ein anhaltender Konzentrationsprozess?," German Journal of Agricultural Economics, Humboldt-Universitaet zu Berlin, Department for Agricultural Economics, vol. 50(06), pages 1-9.
    14. Muehlfeld, Katrin & Weitzel, Utz & van Witteloostuijn, Arjen, 2011. "Mergers and acquisitions in the global food processing industry in 1986-2006," Food Policy, Elsevier, vol. 36(4), pages 466-479, August.
    15. C.S. Kim & C. Hallahan & G. Schaible & G. Schluter, 2001. "Economic analysis of the changing structure of the U.S. flour milling industry," Agribusiness, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 17(1), pages 161-171.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Martynova, M. & Renneboog, L.D.R., 2005. "Takeover Waves : Triggers, Performance and Motives," Discussion Paper 2005-029, Tilburg University, Tilburg Law and Economic Center.
    2. Martynova, M., 2006. "The market for corporate control and corporate governance regulation in Europe," Other publications TiSEM 8651e281-4914-41f2-ac14-1, Tilburg University, School of Economics and Management.
    3. Kanungo, Rama Prasad, 2021. "Uncertainty of M&As under asymmetric estimation," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 122(C), pages 774-793.
    4. Martynova, Marina & Renneboog, Luc, 2008. "A century of corporate takeovers: What have we learned and where do we stand?," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 32(10), pages 2148-2177, October.
    5. Dennis Mueller, 1996. "Antimerger policy in the United States: History and lessons," Empirica, Springer;Austrian Institute for Economic Research;Austrian Economic Association, vol. 23(3), pages 229-253, October.
    6. R. Abdul Rahman & R.J. Limmack, 2004. "Corporate Acquisitions and the Operating Performance of Malaysian Companies," Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 31(3‐4), pages 359-400, April.
    7. R. Abdul Rahman & R.J. Limmack, 2004. "Corporate Acquisitions and the Operating Performance of Malaysian Companies," Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 31(3-4), pages 359-400.
    8. Rodrigues, Bruno Dore & Stevenson, Maxwell J., 2013. "Takeover prediction using forecast combinations," International Journal of Forecasting, Elsevier, vol. 29(4), pages 628-641.
    9. Ronan Powell & Sarah Prendergast & Ruchira Sharma, 2022. "The impact of economic nationalism in Europe on the returns to rivals of cross‐border M&A bids," Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 49(9-10), pages 1784-1829, October.
    10. Jorge Farinha & Francisco Miranda, 2003. "Run-up, toeholds, and agency effects in mergers and acquisitions: evidence from an emerging market," CEF.UP Working Papers 0311, Universidade do Porto, Faculdade de Economia do Porto.
    11. Nuria Alcalde Fradejas & Manuel Espitia Escuer & Jaime Vallés Giménez, "undated". "El mercado para el control de empresas en Espana. Identificación de las empresas objetivo de OPA," Studies on the Spanish Economy 159, FEDEA.
    12. Chris Ratcliffe & Bill Dimovski & Monica Keneley, 2017. "The Performance of REIT Acquirers in the Post-Merger Period," ERES eres2017_43, European Real Estate Society (ERES).
    13. Piet Eichholtz & Nils Kok, 2008. "How Does the Market for Corporate Control Function for Property Companies?," The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, Springer, vol. 36(2), pages 141-163, February.
    14. Chris Ratcliffe & Bill Dimovski & Monica Keneley & Tom Smith, 2017. "Long-Term post-merger announcement performance. A case study of Australian listed real estate," Accounting and Finance, Accounting and Finance Association of Australia and New Zealand, vol. 57(3), pages 855-877, September.
    15. Richards, Timothy J. & Manfredo, Mark R., 2001. "Post Merger Performance of Agricultural Cooperatives," 2001 Annual meeting, August 5-8, Chicago, IL 20531, American Agricultural Economics Association (New Name 2008: Agricultural and Applied Economics Association).
    16. Raphael Amit & Joshua Livnat & Paul Zarowin, 1989. "A classification of mergers and acquisitions by motives: Analysis of market responses," Contemporary Accounting Research, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 6(1), pages 143-158, September.
    17. Song, Moon H. & Walkling, Ralph A., 2005. "Anticipation, Acquisitions and Bidder Returns," Working Paper Series 2005-11, Ohio State University, Charles A. Dice Center for Research in Financial Economics.
    18. Anand S. Desai & Roger D. Stover, 1985. "Bank Holding Company Acquisitions, Stockholder Returns, And Regulatory Uncertainty," Journal of Financial Research, Southern Finance Association;Southwestern Finance Association, vol. 8(2), pages 145-156, June.
    19. Basnet, Anup & Davis, Frederick & Walker, Thomas & Zhao, Kun, 2021. "The effect of securities class action lawsuits on mergers and acquisitions," Global Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 48(C).
    20. Elaine Hutson & Graham Partington, 1994. "Takeover Bids, Share Prices, and the Expected Value Hypothesis," Working Paper Series 36, Finance Discipline Group, UTS Business School, University of Technology, Sydney.

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:wly:agribz:v:15:y:1999:i:1:p:1-23. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Wiley Content Delivery (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1520-6297 .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.