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Umverteilung durch den Staat 2015 – Überblick über die Gesamteffekte

Author

Listed:
  • Silvia Rocha-Akis
  • Christine Mayrhuber

    (WIFO)

Abstract

Durch Steuern, Sozialbeiträge sowie öffentliche Geld- und Sachleistungen wird die ökonomische Situation der Haushalte in Österreich in unterschiedlichem Ausmaß verändert: Vor Umverteilung betrug das durchschnittliche Einkommen der Haushalte im obersten Zehntel der Einkommensverteilung das 30-Fache der Haushalte im untersten Zehntel, nach Umverteilung nur das 5,5-Fache. Die Umverteilung erfolgte von den Haushalten im oberen zu den Haushalten im unteren Drittel der Verteilung der Primäreinkommen (Markteinkommen, Pensionen und nettoimputierte Mieten). Öffentliche Sachleistungen lieferten mit 41% den größten Beitrag zur Umschichtung vor den einkommensabhängigen Abgaben (Sozialbeiträge und direkte Steuern) mit 36%. 31% der Verringerung machten die öffentlichen Geldleistungen (ohne Pensionen) aus. Die regressive Wirkung der indirekten Steuern senkte das Umverteilungsausmaß um 8%. War die Ungleichheit sowohl der Primär- als auch der Sekundäreinkommen (Primäreinkommen nach Abzug aller direkten und indirekten Abgaben zuzüglich aller öffentlichen Geld- und Sachleistungen) zwischen 2000 und 2010 gestiegen, so kehrte sich diese Entwicklung zwischen 2010 und 2015 um: Die Ungleichheit der Primäreinkommen nahm gemessen am Gini-Koeffizienten leicht von 0,393 auf 0,382 ab. Da in diesem Zeitraum auch das Ausmaß der Umverteilung zunahm, ging die Ungleichheit der Sekundärverteilung noch stärker zurück, der Gini-Koeffizient der Sekundäreinkommen sank von 0,265 auf 0,249.

Suggested Citation

  • Silvia Rocha-Akis & Christine Mayrhuber, 2019. "Umverteilung durch den Staat 2015 – Überblick über die Gesamteffekte," WIFO Monatsberichte (monthly reports), WIFO, vol. 92(5), pages 323-337, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:wfo:monber:y:2019:i:5:p:323-337
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Silvia Rocha-Akis, 2019. "Verteilungswirkungen der Familienleistungen," WIFO Monatsberichte (monthly reports), WIFO, vol. 92(5), pages 375-383, May.
    2. Hedwig Lutz & Silvia Rocha-Akis, 2019. "Verteilungswirkungen der Leistungen bei Arbeitslosigkeit und der Bedarfsorientierten Mindestsicherung," WIFO Monatsberichte (monthly reports), WIFO, vol. 92(5), pages 365-374, May.
    3. Michael Klien, 2019. "Verteilungswirkungen der Wohnbauförderung," WIFO Monatsberichte (monthly reports), WIFO, vol. 92(5), pages 397-401, May.
    4. Timm Bönke & Giacomo Corneo & Holger Lüthen, 2015. "Lifetime Earnings Inequality in Germany," Journal of Labor Economics, University of Chicago Press, vol. 33(1), pages 171-208.
    5. Thomas Leoni, 2019. "Verteilungswirkungen des österreichischen Gesundheitssystems," WIFO Monatsberichte (monthly reports), WIFO, vol. 92(5), pages 391-396, May.
    6. Julia Bock-Schappelwein, 2019. "Verteilungswirkungen der Leistungen des öffentlichen Bildungssystems," WIFO Monatsberichte (monthly reports), WIFO, vol. 92(5), pages 385-389, May.
    7. Silvia Rocha-Akis, 2019. "Umverteilung durch den Staat: Heterogenität nach Haushaltstypen," WIFO Monatsberichte (monthly reports), WIFO, vol. 92(5), pages 339-351, May.
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    Cited by:

    1. Bernhard Hammer & Alexia Prskawetz, 2022. "Measuring private transfers between generations and gender: an application of national transfer accounts for Austria 2015," Empirica, Springer;Austrian Institute for Economic Research;Austrian Economic Association, vol. 49(3), pages 573-599, August.
    2. Silvia Rocha-Akis & Jürgen Bierbaumer & Benjamin Bittschi & Julia Bock-Schappelwein & Martina Einsiedl & Marian Fink & Michael Klien & Simon Loretz & Christine Mayrhuber, 2023. "Umverteilung durch den Staat in Österreich 2019 und Entwicklungen von 2005 bis 2019," WIFO Studies, WIFO, number 69741.
    3. Gunther Tichy, 2021. "Polarisierung der Gesellschaft in Österreich?," Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft - WuG, Kammer für Arbeiter und Angestellte für Wien, Abteilung Wirtschaftswissenschaft und Statistik, vol. 47(1), pages 41-61.

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