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Umverteilung durch den Staat in Österreich 2019 und Entwicklungen von 2005 bis 2019

Author

Listed:
  • Silvia Rocha-Akis
  • Jürgen Bierbaumer
  • Benjamin Bittschi

    (WIFO)

  • Julia Bock-Schappelwein
  • Martina Einsiedl

    (WIFO)

  • Marian Fink
  • Michael Klien
  • Simon Loretz
  • Christine Mayrhuber

    (WIFO)

Abstract

Die Studie analysiert die Auswirkungen des Wohlfahrtsstaates auf Einkommensungleichheit und die relative Armut in Österreich. Ausgehend von den Markteinkommen werden die Verteilungseffekte von staatlichen Geld- und Sachleistungen in den Bereichen Gesundheit, Bildung, Familie, Wohnen, Arbeitslosigkeit und soziale Ausgrenzung sowie von Sozialbeiträgen und (in)direkten Steuern untersucht. Die jüngsten verknüpfbaren Daten für eine solche Analyse beziehen sich auf das Jahr 2019. Durch die Umverteilung sinkt der Gini-Koeffizient im Jahr 2019 von 0,466 (Markteinkommen) auf 0,213 (Sekundäreinkommen), die Armutsgefährdungsquote sinkt zwischen Markteinkommen und verfügbarem Einkommen um den Faktor 2,5. Ein ähnlicher Effekt zeigt sich für die Jahre 2005, 2010 und 2015. Den größten Umverteilungsbeitrag leisten die gesetzlichen Bruttopensionen, gefolgt von den öffentlichen Gesundheitsleistungen. Im Zeitverlauf hat der relative Umverteilungsbeitrag der direkten Abgaben deutlich zugenommen. Hinter den stabilen Verteilungsmaßen im Querschnitt der Bevölkerung in privaten Haushalten verbergen sich divergierende Einkommensentwicklungen zwischen Haushalten nach Altersgruppen. Das Armutsrisiko ist in Haushalten mit Kindern und Hauptverdienenden unter 46 Jahren überdurchschnittlich hoch und hat zwischen 2005 und 2019 zugenommen.

Suggested Citation

  • Silvia Rocha-Akis & Jürgen Bierbaumer & Benjamin Bittschi & Julia Bock-Schappelwein & Martina Einsiedl & Marian Fink & Michael Klien & Simon Loretz & Christine Mayrhuber, 2023. "Umverteilung durch den Staat in Österreich 2019 und Entwicklungen von 2005 bis 2019," WIFO Studies, WIFO, number 69741, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:wfo:wstudy:69741
    Note: With English abstract.
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    References listed on IDEAS

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