IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/vrs/subboe/v63y2018i1p37-62n3.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Dividend Payout, Retention Policy and Financial Performance in Commercial Banks: Any Causal Relationship?

Author

Listed:
  • Olarewaju Odunayo Magret

    (Durban University of Technology, South Africa)

  • Migiro Stephen Oseko

    (University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa)

  • Sibanda Mabutho

    (University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa)

Abstract

Dividend policy remains one of the top ten unresolved issues in corporate finance including in the banking sector. Hence, this study explores data from 250 commercial banks in 30 Sub-Saharan African countries to establish the causal relationship between the use of two major dividend policies in the sector and financial performance for the period 2006 to 2015. The empirical results of the vector error correction block exogeneity Wald test and Pairwise Granger causality test reveal that only retention policies Granger cause performance (ROA), even though both major policies posit a positive relationship with performance (ROA) in the Vector Error Correction Model estimate. Therefore, commercial banks in Sub Saharan Africa and also in the entire world should use their free cash flows wisely by exploring all available viable investment opportunities. By doing this, not only owners’ profit but wealth is fully maximised such that their survival, value creation, and future growth is fully justified.

Suggested Citation

  • Olarewaju Odunayo Magret & Migiro Stephen Oseko & Sibanda Mabutho, 2018. "Dividend Payout, Retention Policy and Financial Performance in Commercial Banks: Any Causal Relationship?," Studia Universitatis Babeș-Bolyai Oeconomica, Sciendo, vol. 63(1), pages 37-62, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:vrs:subboe:v:63:y:2018:i:1:p:37-62:n:3
    DOI: 10.2478/subboec-2018-0003
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://doi.org/10.2478/subboec-2018-0003
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.2478/subboec-2018-0003?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Uwalomwa UWUIGBE & Jimoh JAFARU & Anijesushola AJAYI, 2012. "Dividend Policy and Firm Performance: A Study of Listed Firms in Nigeria," Journal of Accounting and Management Information Systems, Faculty of Accounting and Management Information Systems, The Bucharest University of Economic Studies, vol. 11(3), pages 442-454, September.
    2. Liang Shao & Chuck C.Y. Kwok & Omrane Guedhami, 2013. "Dividend Policy: Balancing Shareholders' And Creditors' Interests," Journal of Financial Research, Southern Finance Association;Southwestern Finance Association, vol. 36(1), pages 43-66, January.
    3. Mbodja Mougoué & Ramesh P. Rao, 2003. "The Information Signaling Hypothesis of Dividends: Evidence from Cointegration and Causality Tests," Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 30(3‐4), pages 441-478, April.
    4. David, Thomas & Ginglinger, Edith, 2016. "When cutting dividends is not bad news: The case of optional stock dividends," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 40(C), pages 174-191.
    5. Uddin, Gazi Salah & Shahbaz, Muhammad & Arouri, Mohamed & Teulon, Frédéric, 2014. "Financial development and poverty reduction nexus: A cointegration and causality analysis in Bangladesh," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 36(C), pages 405-412.
    6. Badar Nadeem Ashraf & Changjun Zheng, 2015. "Shareholder protection, creditor rights and bank dividend policies," China Finance Review International, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 5(2), pages 161-186, May.
    7. Kehinde Adesina & Uwalomwa Uwuigbe & Olubukola Ranti Uwuigbe & Osariemen Asiriuwa & Sylvester Oriabe, 2017. "Dividend Policy and Share Price Valuation in Nigerian Banks," EuroEconomica, Danubius University of Galati, issue 1(36), pages 185-195, May.
    8. Ekrem Gul & Aykut Ekinci, 2006. "The Causal Relationship Between Exchange Rates and Inflation in Turkey:1984-2003," Anadolu University Journal of Social Sciences, Anadolu University, vol. 6(1), pages 91-106, June.
    9. Byrne, Julie & O’Connor, Thomas, 2017. "Creditor rights, culture and dividend payout policy," Journal of Multinational Financial Management, Elsevier, vol. 39(C), pages 60-77.
    10. Beck, Thorsten & Cull, Robert, 2013. "Banking in Africa," Policy Research Working Paper Series 6684, The World Bank.
    11. Franklin Allen & Elena Carletti & Robert Cull & Jun ‘QJ’ Qian & Lemma Senbet & Patricio Valenzuela, 2014. "The African Financial Development and Financial Inclusion Gaps," Journal of African Economies, Centre for the Study of African Economies, vol. 23(5), pages 614-642.
    12. Jasim Al-Ajmi, 2010. "Modelling the dividend policy of banks in Gulf Cooperation Council countries," Applied Economics Letters, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 17(14), pages 1423-1428.
    13. Anthony Enisan Akinlo & Tajudeen Egbetunde, 2010. "Financial Development and Economic Growth: The Experience of 10 Sub-Saharan African Countries Revisited," The Review of Finance and Banking, Academia de Studii Economice din Bucuresti, Romania / Facultatea de Finante, Asigurari, Banci si Burse de Valori / Catedra de Finante, vol. 2(1), pages 017-028, June.
    14. Matthias Nnadi & Nyema Wogboroma & Bariyima Kabel, 2013. "Determinants of Dividend Policy: Evidence from Listed Firms in the African Stock Exchanges," Panoeconomicus, Savez ekonomista Vojvodine, Novi Sad, Serbia, vol. 60(6), pages 725-741, December.
    15. Beck, Thorsten & Demirguc-Kunt, Asli & Maksimovic, Vojislav, 2004. "Bank Competition and Access to Finance: International Evidence," Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 36(3), pages 627-648, June.
    16. Gazi Salah Uddin & Muhammed Shahbaz & Mohamed Arouri & Frédéric Teulon, 2014. "Financial Development and Poverty Reduction Nexus: A cointegration and causality analysis in Bangladesh," Working Papers 2014-291, Department of Research, Ipag Business School.
    17. DeAngelo, Harry & DeAngelo, Linda & Stulz, Rene M., 2006. "Dividend policy and the earned/contributed capital mix: a test of the life-cycle theory," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 81(2), pages 227-254, August.
    18. Mitsuru Mizuno, 2007. "Payout Policy Of Japanese Firms: Analysis On The Survey Of Four Industries Listed On The Tokyo Stock Exchange," Pacific Economic Review, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 12(5), pages 631-650, December.
    19. Mahadevan, Renuka & Asafu-Adjaye, John, 2007. "Energy consumption, economic growth and prices: A reassessment using panel VECM for developed and developing countries," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 35(4), pages 2481-2490, April.
    20. Acharya, Viral & Gabarro, Marc & Volpin, Paolo, 2021. "Competition for Managers and Corporate Governance," Journal of Law, Finance, and Accounting, now publishers, vol. 6(1), pages 179-219, May.
    21. Valentina Flamini & Miss Liliana B Schumacher & Mr. Calvin A McDonald, 2009. "The Determinants of Commercial Bank Profitability in Sub-Saharan Africa," IMF Working Papers 2009/015, International Monetary Fund.
    22. Nicholas Odhiambo, 2014. "Energy Dependence in Developing Countries: Does the Level of Income Matter?," Atlantic Economic Journal, Springer;International Atlantic Economic Society, vol. 42(1), pages 65-77, March.
    23. Tsangyao Chang & Chien-Chiang Lee & Chi-Hung Chang, 2014. "Does insurance activity promote economic growth? Further evidence based on bootstrap panel Granger causality test," The European Journal of Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 20(12), pages 1187-1210, December.
    24. Groen, Jan J J & Kleibergen, Frank, 2003. "Likelihood-Based Cointegration Analysis in Panels of Vector Error-Correction Models," Journal of Business & Economic Statistics, American Statistical Association, vol. 21(2), pages 295-318, April.
    25. Sajid, Gul & Muhammad, Sajid & Nasir, Razzaq & Farman, Afzal, 2012. "Agency cost, corporate governance and ownership structure: the case of Pakistan," MPRA Paper 42418, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    26. Mohammed Omran & John Pointon, 2004. "Dividend Policy, Trading Characteristics And Share Prices: Empirical Evidence From Egyptian Firms," International Journal of Theoretical and Applied Finance (IJTAF), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 7(02), pages 121-133.
    27. Debabrata Datta & Santanu K. Ganguli & Manu Chaturvedi, 2014. "Announcement Effect of Dividend in Presence of Dividend Tax: Possible Agency Problem and Macro Level Inefficiency?," South Asian Journal of Macroeconomics and Public Finance, , vol. 3(2), pages 195-220, December.
    28. Wolde-Rufael, Yemane, 2014. "Electricity consumption and economic growth in transition countries: A revisit using bootstrap panel Granger causality analysis," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 44(C), pages 325-330.
    29. Pornsit Jiraporn & Jang‐Chul Kim & Young Sang Kim, 2011. "Dividend Payouts and Corporate Governance Quality: An Empirical Investigation," The Financial Review, Eastern Finance Association, vol. 46(2), pages 251-279, May.
    30. Mukdad Ibrahim, 2016. "Dividend Performance in the United Arab Emirates Banking Sector," International Journal of Finance & Banking Studies, Center for the Strategic Studies in Business and Finance, vol. 5(6), pages 01-08, October.
    31. Houston, Joel F. & Lin, Chen & Lin, Ping & Ma, Yue, 2010. "Creditor rights, information sharing, and bank risk taking," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 96(3), pages 485-512, June.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Ahamed, M. Mostak & Mallick, Sushanta K., 2019. "Is financial inclusion good for bank stability? International evidence," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 157(C), pages 403-427.
    2. Florian Leon, 2015. "What do we know about the role of bank competition in Africa?," CERDI Working papers halshs-01164864, HAL.
    3. Pantelis Longinidis & Panagiotis Symeonidis, 2013. "Corporate Dividend Policy Determinants: Intelligent Versus A Traditional Approach," Intelligent Systems in Accounting, Finance and Management, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 20(2), pages 111-139, April.
    4. Tahir, Muhammad & Ibrahim, Haslindar & Zulkafli, Abdul Hadi & Mushtaq, Muhammad, 2020. "Corruption, national culture, law and dividend repatriation policy," Journal of Multinational Financial Management, Elsevier, vol. 57.
    5. Aroh Nkechi Nympha. Ph.D & Egolum, Priscilla Uchenna. Ph.D & Chukwuani Victoria Nnenna. Ph.D, 2021. "Dividend Policy Determinants of Firm Value: Empirical Evidence from Listed Non-Financial Companies in Nigeria," International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS), vol. 5(07), pages 612-634, July.
    6. Ahmad Hassan Ahmad & Christopher Green & Fei Jiang, 2020. "Mobile Money, Financial Inclusion And Development: A Review With Reference To African Experience," Journal of Economic Surveys, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 34(4), pages 753-792, September.
    7. Tran, Quoc Trung & Alphonse, Pascal & Nguyen, Xuan Minh, 2017. "Dividend policy: Shareholder rights and creditor rights under the impact of the global financial crisis," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 64(C), pages 502-512.
    8. Manuel Ennes Ferreira & Jelson Serafim & João Dias, 2022. "Finance-Growth Nexus: Evidence from Angola," Working Papers REM 2022/0227, ISEG - Lisbon School of Economics and Management, REM, Universidade de Lisboa.
    9. Byrne, Julie & O'Connor, Thomas, 2017. "How do creditors respond to disclosure quality? Evidence from corporate dividend payouts," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 49(C), pages 154-172.
    10. Taiwo Akinlo & Dauda Olalekan Yinusa & Akintoye Victor Adejumo, 2021. "Financial development and real sector in sub-Saharan Africa," Economic Change and Restructuring, Springer, vol. 54(2), pages 417-455, May.
    11. Rubi Ahmad & Oyebola Fatima Etudaiye-Muhtar & Bolaji Tunde Matemilola & Amin Noordin Bany-Ariffin, 2016. "Financial market development, global financial crisis and economic growth: evidence from developing nations," Portuguese Economic Journal, Springer;Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestao, vol. 15(3), pages 199-214, December.
    12. Nguyen, Thi Tuyet Mai & Tran, Quoc Trung, 2022. "Democracy and dividend policy around the world," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 62(C).
    13. Aroh Nkechi Nympha. Ph.D & Egolum, Priscilla Uchenna. Ph.D & Chukwuani Victoria Nnenna. Ph.D, 2021. "Dividend Policy Determinants of Firm Value: Empirical Evidence from Listed Non-Financial Companies in Nigeria," International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS), vol. 5(7), pages 612-634, July.
    14. Akande Joseph Olorunfemi & Kwenda Farai, 2017. "Competitive Condition of Sub-Saharan Africa Commercial Banks," Studia Universitatis Babeș-Bolyai Oeconomica, Sciendo, vol. 62(2), pages 55-76, August.
    15. Trinh, Quoc Dat & Haddad, Christian & Tran, Kim Thuan, 2022. "Financial reporting quality and dividend policy: New evidence from an international level," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 80(C).
    16. Ayad Hicham, 2017. "Financial Development and Poverty Reduction Nexus: A Co-Integration and Causality Analysis in Selected Arabic Countries," Academic Journal of Economic Studies, Faculty of Finance, Banking and Accountancy Bucharest,"Dimitrie Cantemir" Christian University Bucharest, vol. 3(2), pages 28-35, June.
    17. Kaur, Puneet & Dhir, Amandeep & Bodhi, Rahul & Singh, Tripti & Almotairi, Mohammad, 2020. "Why do people use and recommend m-wallets?," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 56(C).
    18. Mohammed Mizanur Rahman & Badar Nadeem Ashraf & Changjun Zheng & Munni Begum, 2017. "Impact of Cost Efficiency on Bank Capital and the Cost of Financial Intermediation: Evidence from BRICS Countries," IJFS, MDPI, vol. 5(4), pages 1-18, December.
    19. Tran, Quoc Trung, 2021. "Local corruption and dividend policy: Evidence from Vietnam," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 70(C), pages 195-205.
    20. Sheilla Nyasha & Yvonne Gwenhure & Nicholas M Odhiambo, 2018. "Energy consumption and economic growth in Ethiopia: A dynamic causal linkage," Energy & Environment, , vol. 29(8), pages 1393-1412, December.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Retention policy; Wald test; Granger causality; Stakeholders’ interest; Creditors’ right; Wealth maximisation;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • G21 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Banks; Other Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages
    • G35 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance - - - Payout Policy

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:vrs:subboe:v:63:y:2018:i:1:p:37-62:n:3. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Peter Golla (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.sciendo.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.