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An Analysis of the Barriers Hindering Small Business Export Development

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  • Leonidas C. Leonidou

Abstract

Notwithstanding the benefits derived from exporting in an increasingly globalized marketplace, for many smaller‐sized manufacturers the internationalization path is beset by numerous obstacles. This article offers a comprehensive analysis of 39 export barriers extracted from a systematic review of 32 empirical studies conducted on the subject. These have been classified into internal (incorporating informational, functional, and marketing) and external (comprising procedural, governmental, task, and environmental) barriers. The impact of export barriers is shown to be situation‐specific, largely depending on the idiosyncratic managerial, organizational, and environmental background of the firm. However, certain barriers, such as those relating to information inefficiencies, price competitiveness, foreign customer habits, and politicoeconomic hurdles, seem to have a systematically strong obstructing effect on export behavior. Several conclusions and implications for small business managers, public policymakers, business educators, and exporting researchers are derived.

Suggested Citation

  • Leonidas C. Leonidou, 2004. "An Analysis of the Barriers Hindering Small Business Export Development," Journal of Small Business Management, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 42(3), pages 279-302, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:taf:ujbmxx:v:42:y:2004:i:3:p:279-302
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-627X.2004.00112.x
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    Cited by:

    1. Drinkwater, Stephen & Robinson, Catherine, 2023. "The impact of customs and trade regulations on the operations of African firms," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 165(C).
    2. Mário Franco & Rui Martins, 2023. "The Role of Networks in the Internationalization Process of Small- and Medium-sized Enterprises in the Wine-producing Sector," Global Business Review, International Management Institute, vol. 24(5), pages 990-1006, October.
    3. Ipsmiller, Edith & Dikova, Desislava & Brouthers, Keith D., 2022. "Digital Internationalization of Traditional Firms: Virtual Presence and Entrepreneurial Orientation," Journal of International Management, Elsevier, vol. 28(4).
    4. Surender Khan & Anuj Goel, 2024. "A Perspective on Digital Transformation Among Indian Exporting Firms," FIIB Business Review, , vol. 13(1), pages 7-17, January.
    5. Nitish Singh & Surender Munjal & Sumit Kundu & K. Rangarajan, 2023. "Platform-Based Internationalization of Smaller Firms: The Role of Government Policy," Management International Review, Springer, vol. 63(1), pages 91-115, February.
    6. Andiga Dompak Baharaja Tarihoran & Musa Hubeis & Siti Jahroh & Nimmi Zulbainarni, 2023. "Competitiveness of and Barriers to Indonesia’s Exports of Ornamental Fish," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(11), pages 1-26, May.
    7. Mehmet Civelek & Vladimír Krajèík, 2022. "How do SMEs from different countries perceive export impediments depending on their firm-level characteristics? System approach," Oeconomia Copernicana, Institute of Economic Research, vol. 13(1), pages 55-78, March.
    8. Jonas Eduardsen & Svetla Marinova & Leonidas C. Leonidou & Paul Christodoulides, 2023. "Organizational Influences and Performance Impact of Cross-Border E-Commerce Barriers: The Moderating Role of Home Country Digital Infrastructure and Foreign Market Internet Penetration," Management International Review, Springer, vol. 63(3), pages 433-467, June.
    9. Nadine Levratto & Clarisse Nguedam Ntouko & Maarouf Ramadan, 2017. "Institutions and firms' internationalization: an empirical analysis on three Middle East countries [Institutions et internationalisation des entreprises: une analyse empirique sur trois pays du moy," Working Papers hal-04141631, HAL.
    10. Aleksandr Kljuènikov & Mehmet Civelek & Cyril Klimeš & Radim Farana, 2022. "Export risk perceptions of SMEs in selected Visegrad countries," Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy, Institute of Economic Research, vol. 17(1), pages 173-190, March.
    11. Aleksandr Kljuènikov & Mehmet Civelek & Vladimír Krajèík & Petr Novák & Michal Èervinka, 2022. "Financial performance and bankruptcy concerns of SMEs in their export decision," Oeconomia Copernicana, Institute of Economic Research, vol. 13(3), pages 867-890, September.
    12. Roland Z. Szabó & Borbála Szedmák & Anna Tajti & Péter Bera, 2023. "Environmental Sustainability, Digitalisation, and the Entrepreneurial Perception of Distances as Drivers of SMEs’ Internationalisation," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(3), pages 1-21, January.
    13. Dung Ngo, Vi & Leonidou, Leonidas C. & Janssen, Frank & Christodoulides, Paul, 2024. "Export-specific investments, competitive advantage, and performance in Vietnamese SMEs: The moderating role of domestic market conditions," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 170(C).
    14. Hultman, Magnus & Iveson, Abbie & Oghazi, Pejvak, 2023. "Talk less and listen more? The effectiveness of social media talking and listening tactics on export performance," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 159(C).

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