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The knowledge-creating theory revisited: knowledge creation as a synthesizing process

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  • Ikujiro Nonaka
  • Ryoko Toyama

Abstract

This paper is a part of our attempt to build a new knowledge-based theory of the firm and organization to explain the dynamic process of knowledge creation and utilization. For this, we revisit the theory of knowledge creation through the SECI process and ba, and try to advance them further by incorporating the dialectic thinking. In this paper, knowledge creation is conceptualized as a dialectical process, in which various contradictions are synthesized through dynamic interactions among individuals, the organization, and the environment. With the view of a firm as a dialectic being, and strategy and organization should be re-examined as the synthesizing and self-transcending process instead of a logical analysis of structure or action. An organization is not an information-processing machine that is composed of small tasks to carry out a given task, but an organic configuration of ba. Ba, which is conceptualized as a shared context in motion, can transcend time, space, and organization boundaries to create knowledge.

Suggested Citation

  • Ikujiro Nonaka & Ryoko Toyama, 2003. "The knowledge-creating theory revisited: knowledge creation as a synthesizing process," Knowledge Management Research & Practice, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 1(1), pages 2-10, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:taf:tkmrxx:v:1:y:2003:i:1:p:2-10
    DOI: 10.1057/palgrave.kmrp.8500001
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    Cited by:

    1. Qu, Guannan & Wang, Luyao & Chen, Jin & Sun, Tara Qian, 2024. "How to transform “social value” into meaningful products? ——A multiple-case study of leading innovative enterprises," Technology in Society, Elsevier, vol. 77(C).
    2. Abrego, Darío Sánchez & Dick, Alberto, 2013. "PR - Knowledge Management In Dairy Herds: Actions For Improving Ties: The Case Of The ‘Mar Y Sierras’ Region Of Buenos Aires Province In Argentina," 19th Congress, Warsaw, Poland, 2013 345694, International Farm Management Association.
    3. Mai-Lun Chiu & Tsung-Sheng Cheng & Chun-Nan Lin, 2024. "Driving Open Innovation Capability Through New Knowledge Diffusion of Integrating Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivations in Organizations: Moderator of Individual Absorptive Capacity," Journal of the Knowledge Economy, Springer;Portland International Center for Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET), vol. 15(1), pages 3685-3717, March.
    4. Constantin BRATIANU & Nicolae Alexandru BUDEANU, 2023. "National Security Intelligence and Business Intelligence: A Comparative Analysis," REVISTA DE MANAGEMENT COMPARAT INTERNATIONAL/REVIEW OF INTERNATIONAL COMPARATIVE MANAGEMENT, Faculty of Management, Academy of Economic Studies, Bucharest, Romania, vol. 24(2), pages 188-197, May.
    5. Lee, Kyounghun & Oh, Frederick Dongchuhl & Shin, Donglim & Yoon, Heejin, 2023. "Internal labor markets and corporate innovation: Evidence from Korean chaebols," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 85(C), pages 146-162.
    6. Anlan Chen & Yong Lin & Marcello Mariani & Yongyi Shou & Yufeng Zhang, 2023. "Entrepreneurial growth in digital business ecosystems: an integrated framework blending the knowledge-based view of the firm and business ecosystems," The Journal of Technology Transfer, Springer, vol. 48(5), pages 1628-1653, October.
    7. Haoyan Li & Hui Jiang, 2024. "Stable Social Knowledge Creation to Solve the Contract Failure Dilemma in International Construction Engineering: A Liquid Crystal Metaphor," Journal of the Knowledge Economy, Springer;Portland International Center for Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET), vol. 15(2), pages 6937-6968, June.
    8. Budeanu Nicolae Alexandru, 2023. "Bibliometric Analysis Regarding Knowledge Strategies in Intelligence Structures," Proceedings of the International Conference on Business Excellence, Sciendo, vol. 17(1), pages 1179-1192, July.
    9. Ap-Azli Bunawan & Nur Ardilla Fathin Ahmad Sham, 2024. "The Impact of Knowledge Management Process and Approach on Innovation Performance: A Case Study of Telekom Malaysia," International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS), vol. 8(5), pages 2388-2407, May.
    10. Yuan Li & William J. Kettinger, 2022. "Testing the Relationship Between Information and Knowledge in Computer-Aided Decision-Making," Information Systems Frontiers, Springer, vol. 24(6), pages 1827-1843, December.

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