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The economic valuation of nature-based tourism in the South African Kgalagadi area and implications for the Khomani San 'bushmen' community

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  • Johane Dikgang
  • Edwin Muchapondwa

Abstract

The economic importance of the various attributes of dryland nature-based tourism in the Kgalagadi area is generally unknown, as is the distribution of benefits from such tourism. This study seeks to value selected attributes of nature-based tourism in the Kgalagadi area by applying the choice experiment technique and then assessing the potential for nature-based tourism to contribute to the Khomani San 'bushmen' livelihoods through a payment for ecosystem services scheme. The values placed on the attributes by park visitors are estimated using the conditional logit and random parameter logit models. The visitors prefer more pristine recreational opportunities, increased chances of seeing predators and disapprove of granting the local Khomani San communities access to grazing opportunities inside the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park. Notably, the marginal willingness to pay for pristine recreational opportunities across all models ranging from R76.96 (US$9.08) to R177.08 (US$20.88) per trip depending on the type of restrictions imposed. Given that previous studies report that the Khomani San are willing to accept reasonable compensation for relevant resource-use restrictions, there is scope for a payment for ecosystem services scheme where visitors could be charged additional park entry fees sufficient to compensate the local communities to accept a restriction of natural resource use in the Kgalagadi area.

Suggested Citation

  • Johane Dikgang & Edwin Muchapondwa, 2014. "The economic valuation of nature-based tourism in the South African Kgalagadi area and implications for the Khomani San 'bushmen' community," Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 3(3), pages 306-322, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:3:y:2014:i:3:p:306-322
    DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2014.912594
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Arne Hole & Julie Kolstad, 2012. "Mixed logit estimation of willingness to pay distributions: a comparison of models in preference and WTP space using data from a health-related choice experiment," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 42(2), pages 445-469, April.
    2. Dikgang, Johane & Muchapondwa, Edwin, "undated". "The Economic Valuation of Dryland Ecosystem Services in the South African Kgalagadi by the Local Communities," RFF Working Paper Series dp-13-15-efd, Resources for the Future.
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    Cited by:

    1. Thondhlana, Gladman & Muchapondwa, Edwin, 2014. "Dependence on environmental resources and implications for household welfare: Evidence from the Kalahari drylands, South Africa," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 108(C), pages 59-67.
    2. Johane Dikgang & Edwin Muchapondwa, 2016. "The Effect of Land Restitution on Poverty Reduction among the Khomani San “Bushmen” in South Africa," South African Journal of Economics, Economic Society of South Africa, vol. 84(1), pages 63-80, March.
    3. Murwirapachena, Genius & Dikgang, Johane, 2018. "An empirical examination of reducing status quo bias in heterogeneous populations: evidence from the South African water sector," MPRA Paper 91549, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    4. León, Carmelo J. & de León, Javier & Araña, Jorge E. & González, Matías M., 2015. "Tourists' preferences for congestion, residents' welfare and the ecosystems in a national park," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 118(C), pages 21-29.

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