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Entrepreneurship, Social Capital and Institutions: Evidence from Italy

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  • Marco Percoco

Abstract

A large body of literature has argued that social capital (i.e. ‘good culture’) reduces transaction costs and boosts investment by households and firms. It probably also reduces systemic risk, so that the choice of becoming an entrepreneur becomes less risky and more profitable. In this paper I test this hypothesis on a set of Italian cities. In particular, I present some econometric evidence on the correlation between social capital and entrepreneurship. To tackle the issue of endogeneity I use instruments related to the institutional past of the cities in my sample, finding support for the hypothesis that social capital is important for entrepreneurship, although my results are difficult to generalize to other contexts, given the specificity of Italy in terms of cultural heterogeneity. RÉSUMÉ Une grande partie des communications et de la littérature soutient que le capital social (la « bonne culture ») réduit les coûts des transactions et encourage les investissements par les foyers et les entreprises. De même, il permet probablement de réduire le risque systémique, de sorte que la décision de devenir un entrepreneur devient à la fois moins risquée et plus rentable. Dans la présente communication, je mets cette hypothèse à l’épreuve dans un certain nombre de villes d'Italie. En particulier, je présente certaines données économétriques sur la corrélation entre le capital social et l'entreprenariat. Pour résoudre le problème de l'endogénéité, j'utilise des instruments portant sur le passé institutionnel des villes de mon échantillon, et de trouve des éléments à l'appui de mon hypothèse, d'après laquelle le capital social est important pour l'entreprenariat, bien que les résultats obtenus soient difficiles à généraliser dans d'autres contextes, en raison de la spécificité de l'Italie sur le plan de l'hétérogénéité culturelle. EXTRACTO Gran cantidad de bibliografía ha debatido que el capital social (es decir, ‘buena cultura’) reduce los costes de las transacciones y estimula la inversión por parte de particulares y empresas. Probablemente, también reduce el riesgo sistémico, de modo que la elección de ser empresario implica un menor riesgo y es más rentable. En este estudio, ensayo esta hipótesis en un grupo de ciudades italianas. En particular, presento cierta evidencia econométrica sobre la correlación entre el capital social y el espíritu empresarial. Para tratar la cuestión de endogeneidad empleo instrumentos relacionados con el pasado institucional de las ciudades de mi muestra, encontrando apoyo para la hipótesis de que el capital social es importante para el espíritu empresarial; aunque mis resultados son difíciles de generalizar en otros contextos, debido a las particularidades de Italia en cuanto a heterogeneidad cultural.

Suggested Citation

  • Marco Percoco, 2012. "Entrepreneurship, Social Capital and Institutions: Evidence from Italy," Spatial Economic Analysis, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 7(3), pages 339-355, September.
  • Handle: RePEc:taf:specan:v:7:y:2012:i:3:p:339-355
    DOI: 10.1080/17421772.2012.694144
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Riccardo Crescenzi & Luisa Gagliardi & Marco Percoco, 2013. "The ‘Bright’ Side of Social Capital: How ‘Bridging’ Makes Italian Provinces More Innovative," Advances in Spatial Science, in: Riccardo Crescenzi & Marco Percoco (ed.), Geography, Institutions and Regional Economic Performance, edition 127, pages 143-164, Springer.
    2. Marco Percoco, 2014. "Path dependence, institutions and the density of economic activities: Evidence from Italian cities," Papers in Regional Science, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 93(1), pages 53-76, March.
    3. Luigi Guiso & Paola Sapienza & Luigi Zingales, 2010. "Civic Capital as the Missing Link," NBER Working Papers 15845, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    4. Nicholas Bloom & Raffaella Sadun, 2012. "The Organization of Firms Across Countries," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 127(4), pages 1663-1705.
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    1. Rajennd A/L Muniady & Abdullah Al Mamun & Mohd. Rosli Mohamad & P. Yukthamarani Permarupan & Noor Raihani Binti Zainol, 2015. "The Effect of Cognitive and Relational Social Capital on Structural Social Capital and Micro-Enterprise Performance," SAGE Open, , vol. 5(4), pages 21582440156, October.
    2. Islam, Md. Mazharul & Habes, Essam M. & Alam, Md. Mahmudul, 2018. "The usage and social capital of mobile phones and their effect on the performance of microenterprise: An empirical study," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 132(C), pages 156-164.
    3. Guido Alfani & Marco Percoco, 2019. "Plague and long‐term development: the lasting effects of the 1629–30 epidemic on the Italian cities," Economic History Review, Economic History Society, vol. 72(4), pages 1175-1201, November.
    4. M. Savioli & R. Patuelli, 2016. "Social capital, institutions and policymaking," Working Papers wp1070, Dipartimento Scienze Economiche, Universita' di Bologna.
    5. Diemer, Andreas & Regan, Tanner, 2022. "No inventor is an island: Social connectedness and the geography of knowledge flows in the US," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 51(2).
    6. Roberto Ganau & Andrés Rodríguez‐Pose, 2023. "Firm‐level productivity growth returns of social capital: Evidence from Western Europe," Journal of Regional Science, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 63(3), pages 529-551, June.
    7. Diemer, Andreas, 2023. "Divided we fall? The effect of manufacturing decline on the social capital of US communities," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 120355, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
    8. Marco Percoco, 2013. "Geography, institutions and urban development: Italian cities, 1300–1861," The Annals of Regional Science, Springer;Western Regional Science Association, vol. 50(1), pages 135-152, February.
    9. Ozlem Ozen, 2024. "Social Capital and Entrepreneurship: Impact of Trust and Social Interaction on Entrepreneurship Trial," Istanbul Business Research, Istanbul University Business School, vol. 53(1), pages 23-39, April.
    10. Ewa Kiryluk-Dryjska & Barbara Więckowska, 2020. "Territorial Clusters of Farmers’ Interest in Diversification in Poland: Geospatial Location and Characteristics," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(13), pages 1-15, June.
    11. Roberto Ganau & Andrés Rodríguez‐Pose, 2019. "Do high‐quality local institutions shape labour productivity in Western European manufacturing firms?," Papers in Regional Science, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 98(4), pages 1633-1666, August.
    12. Ganau, Roberto & Rodríguez-Pose, Andrés, 2023. "Firm-level productivity growth returns of social capital: Evidence from Western Europe," CEPR Discussion Papers 17979, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    13. Marco Percoco, 2015. "Entrepreneurship, Family Ties, and Land Inequality: Evidence from Italy," Growth and Change, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 46(3), pages 443-457, September.
    14. Yogi Vidyattama, 2017. "Assessing the Association between Trust and Concentration Area of Migrant Ethnic Minority in Sydney," Australian Economic Review, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne Institute of Applied Economic and Social Research, vol. 50(4), pages 412-426, December.

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