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Mortality from the influenza pandemic of 1918-19 in Indonesia

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  • Siddharth Chandra

Abstract

The influenza pandemic of 1918-19 was the single most lethal short-term epidemic of the twentieth century. For Indonesia, the world's fourth most populous country, the most widely used estimate of mortality from that pandemic is 1.5 million. We estimated mortality from the influenza pandemic in Java and Madura, home to the majority of Indonesia's population, using panel data methods and data from multiple quinquennial population counts and two decennial censuses. The new estimates suggest that, for Java alone, population loss was in the range of 4.26-4.37 million, or more than twice the established estimate for mortality for all of Indonesia. We conclude that the standing estimates of mortality from influenza in Java and Indonesia need to be revised upward significantly. We also present new findings on geographic patterns of population loss across Java, and pre-pandemic and post-pandemic population growth rates.

Suggested Citation

  • Siddharth Chandra, 2013. "Mortality from the influenza pandemic of 1918-19 in Indonesia," Population Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 67(2), pages 185-193, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:67:y:2013:i:2:p:185-193
    DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2012.754486
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    Cited by:

    1. Brata, Aloysius Gunadi & Triandaru, Sigit & Patnasari, Yenny & Setyastuti, Rini & Sutarta, Agustinus Edi & Sukamto, Andreas, 2022. "The Spanish Flu Pandemic and Income Distribution in Java: Lessons from the 1920s," Jurnal Ekonomi Malaysia, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, vol. 56(3), pages 103-117.
    2. Sebastian Vollmer & Juditha Wójcik, 2017. "The long-term consequences of the global 1918 influenza pandemic: A systematic analysis of 117 IPUMS international census data sets," Courant Research Centre: Poverty, Equity and Growth - Discussion Papers 242, Courant Research Centre PEG.
    3. Pierre van der Eng, 2024. "Mortality from the 1944-1945 famine in Java, Indonesia," CEH Discussion Papers 01, Centre for Economic History, Research School of Economics, Australian National University.
    4. Doran, Áine & Colvin, Christopher L. & McLaughlin, Eoin, 2024. "What can we learn from historical pandemics? A systematic review of the literature," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 342(C).
    5. Pierre van der Eng, 2023. "Mortality from the influenza pandemic of 1918-19 in Indonesia," Departmental Working Papers 2023-06, The Australian National University, Arndt-Corden Department of Economics.
    6. Ó Gráda, Cormac, 2024. "H1N1 and WW1: The Spanish Flu and the Great War," MPRA Paper 121698, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    7. Budy P. Resosudarmo & Rus'an Nasrudin & Pyan A. Muchtar & Usep Nugraha & Anna Falentina, 2022. "Problems with recording the spread of COVID-19 in developing countries: Evidence from a phone survey in Indonesia," Departmental Working Papers 2022-08, The Australian National University, Arndt-Corden Department of Economics.
    8. Gallardo-Albarrán, Daniel & de Zwart, Pim, 2021. "A bitter epidemic: The impact of the 1918 influenza on sugar production in Java," Economics & Human Biology, Elsevier, vol. 42(C).
    9. Aloysius Gunadi Brata & Eusebius Pantja Pramudya & Esther Sri Astuti & Heffi Christya Rahayu & Heronimus Heron, 2021. "COVID-19 and Socio-Economic Inequalities in Indonesia: A Subnational-level Analysis," Working Papers DP-2021-04, Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia (ERIA).
    10. Siddharth Chandra & Yan-Liang Yu, 2015. "The 1918 influenza pandemic and subsequent birth deficit in Japan," Demographic Research, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany, vol. 33(11), pages 313-326.

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