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The Determinants of Open and Closed Borders

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  • Charles R. Boehmer
  • Sergio Peña

Abstract

Why do some states restrict access to citizens from neighboring states? We explain entry restrictions into states by using a theoretical framework that combines the effects of asymmetrical development, democracy, and interstate conflict with a geographic variable that considers interactions based on neighboring urban settlements. We employ passport and visa requirements as a dependent variable. We apply an ordered probit analysis to test our hypotheses about why states open or close their borders to citizens from neighboring states. We also incorporate Geographic Information Systems (GIS) as an analytical tool. The results show that the greater the differential in development between two neighboring states, the less likely the richer state will be open to citizens from its poorer neighbor. The presence of urban settlements, enduring peace, and democracy increase the likelihood of border openness between neighboring states, although international trade has no effect on the degree of openness.

Suggested Citation

  • Charles R. Boehmer & Sergio Peña, 2012. "The Determinants of Open and Closed Borders," Journal of Borderlands Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 27(3), pages 273-285, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:taf:rjbsxx:v:27:y:2012:i:3:p:273-285
    DOI: 10.1080/08865655.2012.750950
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Paul Krugman, 1997. "Development, Geography, and Economic Theory," MIT Press Books, The MIT Press, edition 1, volume 1, number 026261135x, April.
    2. J. Scott Long & Jeremy Freese, 2006. "Regression Models for Categorical Dependent Variables using Stata, 2nd Edition," Stata Press books, StataCorp LP, edition 2, number long2, March.
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    Cited by:

    1. Camila Gracheva & Leonid Polishchuk & Koen Schoors & Alexander Yarkin, 2015. "Institutions and Visa Regimes," HSE Working papers WP BRP 114/EC/2015, National Research University Higher School of Economics.
    2. Nishijima, Marislei & Ivanauskas, Terry Macedo & Sarti, Flavia Mori, 2017. "Evolution and determinants of digital divide in Brazil (2005–2013)," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 41(1), pages 12-24.

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