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Impacts of Industry Mix, Technological Change, Selection and Plant Entry/Exit on Regional Productivity Growth

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  • David Rigby
  • Jurgen Essletzbichler

Abstract

RIGBY D. L. and ESSLETZBICHLER J. (2000) Impacts of industry mix, technological change, selection and plant entry/exit on regional productivity growth, Reg. Studies 34 , 333-342. In this paper we identify five sources of regional productivity growth: changes in industry mix; technological change by incumbent plants; selection, or changes in plant market shares; plant entry; and plant exit. These sources of productivity change are measured for US states over the period 1963 to 1992. The geography of productivity change is shown to be complex; the absolute and relative size of the components of change vary considerably between regions and over time. Contrary to simplistic accounts that view productivity improvement solely as the result of technological change, we reveal that in a number of states efficiency gains within incumbent plants are overwhelmed by other sources of productivity growth. In addition, we show that rates of plant entry and plant exit are significantly higher in the sunbelt states of the south and west of the US than in the snowbelt. Plant turnover is lower than average in the traditional manufacturing belt of the US. Plants in this region are more likely to be incumbents, and thus longer-lived, than elsewhere. RIGBY D. L. et ESSLETZBICHLER J. (2000) Les retombees de la structure industrielle, du progres technologique, de la selection et de l'entree/la sortie des etablissements sur la croissance regionale de la productivite, Reg. Studies 34 , 333- 342. Cet article cherche a identifier cinq composantes de la croissance de la productivite regionale: ¤ a savoir, le changement de la structure industrielle; le progres technologique des etablissements dej ¤ a implantes dans la region; la selection, ou le changement de la part de marche des etablissement; l'entree des etablissements; la sortie des etablissements. Ces composantes du changement de la productivite sont estimees pour les Etats-Unis sur la periode de 1963 ¤ a 1992. La geographie du changement de la productivite s'avere complexe: l'importance absolue et relative des composantes varie sensiblement suivant la region et sur le temps. Contrairement aux comptes-rendus simplistes qui ne considerent la croissance de la productivite que le resultat des avancees technologiques, on laisse voir que dans de nombreux Etats les gains de rendement des etablissements dej ¤ a implante ´s dans la region se voient depasser par d'autres composantes de la croissance de la productivite. Qui plus est, on demontre que l'entree et la sortie des etablissements sont nettement plus frequentes dans les Etats du Sud et de l'Ouest des Etats-Unis qu'elles ne le sont dans les Etats qui connaissent des hivers rigoureux. Dans lesdits Etats industriels, le taux de renouvellement des etablissements s'avere en-dessous de la moyenne. Les etablissements situes dans ces regions sont plus susceptibles d'etre des etablissements dej ¤ a implantes, et par la suite plus anciens, qu'ailleurs. RIGBY D. L. und ESSLETZBICHLER J. (2000) Auswirkungen von Branchenstruktur der Industrie, technologische Umstellung, Auswahl und Betriebseroffnungen/Schliessungen auf den Zuwachs regionaler Produktivitat, Reg. Studies 34 , 333-342. In diesem Aufsatz werden funf Ursachen regionaler Produktivitatszunahme identifiziert: Veranderungen in der Branchenstruktur der Industrie; technologische Umstellung in vorhandenen Betrieben; Auswahl, oder Veranderungen in den Marktanteilen der Betriebe; Betriebseroffnungen; und Betriebsschliessungen. Diese Ursachen des Produktivitatswandels im Zeitraum 1963-92 werden fur Mitgliedstaaten der USA gemessen. Die Geographie des Produktivitatswandels erweist sich als komplex: absolute und relative Grosse der Bestandteile des Wandels schwanken betrachtlich, sowohl von Region zu Region als auch im Laufe der Zeit. Im Gegensatz zu simplistischen Darstellungen, die Verbesserungen der Produktivitat rein als Ergebnis technologischer Umstellungen ansehen, wird hier aufgezeigt, dass in einer Anzahl von Staaten Leistungsanstiege in vorhandenen Betrieben durchaus hinter anderen Ursachen der Produktionszunahme zurucktreten. Daruberhinaus wird gezeigt, dass die Raten der Betriebseroffnungen und Betriebsschliessungen in den sonnigeren Breiten des Sudens und Westens bedeutend hoher waren als in den schneereicheren Breiten der USA, in denen industrielle Herstellung schon immer eine Rolle gespielt hat, ist der Betriebsumsatz geringer als der Durchschnitt. In Betrieben dieser Regionen ist es wahrscheinlicher, dass sie Geschaftsinhaber und deshalb langlebiger als anderswo sind.

Suggested Citation

  • David Rigby & Jurgen Essletzbichler, 2000. "Impacts of Industry Mix, Technological Change, Selection and Plant Entry/Exit on Regional Productivity Growth," Regional Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 34(4), pages 333-342.
  • Handle: RePEc:taf:regstd:v:34:y:2000:i:4:p:333-342
    DOI: 10.1080/00343400050078114
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