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From "Onion" to "Ocean": Paradox and Change in National Cultures

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  • TONY FANG

Abstract

Differing from the dominant bipolar paradigm of analyzing national cultures, this paper champions a dialectical approach that sees each national culture as having a life of its own full of dynamics and paradoxes. The paper calls for shifting our mindset from the Cold War “onion” way of analyzing culture to a new “ocean” way of understanding culture to capture the dynamics of national cultures and international cross-cultural management in the age of globalization.

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  • Tony Fang, 2005. "From "Onion" to "Ocean": Paradox and Change in National Cultures," International Studies of Management & Organization, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 35(4), pages 71-90, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:taf:mimoxx:v:35:y:2005:i:4:p:71-90
    DOI: 10.1080/00208825.2005.11043743
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    Cited by:

    1. Feifei Jiang & Donghan Wang & Zelong Wei, 2022. "How Yin-Yang cognition affects organizational ambidexterity: the mediating role of strategic flexibility," Asia Pacific Journal of Management, Springer, vol. 39(4), pages 1187-1214, December.

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