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Brownfield Redevelopment versus Greenfield Development: A Private Sector Perspective on the Costs and Risks Associated with Brownfield Redevelopment in the Greater Toronto Area

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  • Christopher De Sousa

Abstract

This paper examines the nature of the economic costs and risks involved in brownfield versus greenfield redevelopment in the Greater Toronto Area (Ontario, Canada) from a private sector perspective, and assesses the potential effectiveness of different policies and programmes designed to attenuate associated costs and risks. Through interviews, case-studies and an analysis of hypothetical development scenarios, it has been found that the perception that brownfield redevelopment is less cost-effective and entails greater risks than greenfield development, on the part of the private sector, is true for industrial projects in the province, but not for residential ones, which were found to be feasible, given the assumptions of the present study. Furthermore, the study has found that the attractiveness of residential brownfield projects can increase considerably with minor policy changes, but that promoting industrial redevelopment will require a more vigorous approach that employs a variety of environmental policy and economic development measures.

Suggested Citation

  • Christopher De Sousa, 2000. "Brownfield Redevelopment versus Greenfield Development: A Private Sector Perspective on the Costs and Risks Associated with Brownfield Redevelopment in the Greater Toronto Area," Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 43(6), pages 831-853.
    • Handle: RePEc:taf:jenpmg:v:43:y:2000:i:6:p:831-853
    DOI: 10.1080/09640560020001719
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    Cited by:

    1. Marie Howland, 2004. "The Role of Contamination in Central City Industrial Decline," Economic Development Quarterly, , vol. 18(3), pages 207-219, August.
    2. Wu, Qiyan & Zhang, Xiaoling & Liu, Chunhui & Chen, Zhou, 2018. "The de-industrialization, re-suburbanization and health risks of brownfield land reuse: Case study of a toxic soil event in Changzhou, China," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 74(C), pages 187-194.
    3. David Adams & Christopher De Sousa & Steven Tiesdell, 2010. "Brownfield Development: A Comparison of North American and British Approaches," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 47(1), pages 75-104, January.
    4. Kamila Turečková & Stanislav Martinát & Jan Nevima & František Varadzin, 2022. "The Impact of Brownfields on Residential Property Values in Post-Industrial Communities: A Study from the Eastern Part of the Czech Republic," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(6), pages 1-21, May.
    5. Fatih Terzi & Fulin Bölen, 2012. "The Potential Effects of Spatial Strategies on Urban Sprawl in Istanbul," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 49(6), pages 1229-1250, May.
    6. Oliver Dillmann & Volker Beckmann, 2018. "Do Administrative Incentives for the Containment of Cities Work? An Analysis of the Accelerated Procedure for Binding Land-Use Plans for Inner Urban Development in Germany," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(12), pages 1-20, December.
    7. Christopher A De Sousa, 2002. "Measuring the Public Costs and Benefits of Brownfield versus Greenfield Development in the Greater Toronto Area," Environment and Planning B, , vol. 29(2), pages 251-280, April.
    8. Paolo Rosato & Anna Alberini & Valentina Zanatta & Margaretha Breil, 2010. "Redeveloping derelict and underused historic city areas: evidence from a survey of real estate developers," Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 53(2), pages 257-281.
    9. Klusáček, Petr & Navrátil, Josef & Martinát, Stanislav & Krejčí, Tomáš & Golubchikov, Oleg & Pícha, Kamil & Škrabal, Jaroslav & Osman, Robert, 2021. "Planning for the future of derelict farm premises: From abandonment to regeneration?," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 102(C).
    10. Green, T.L., 2018. "Evaluating predictors for brownfield redevelopment," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 73(C), pages 299-319.
    11. Alberini, Anna & Longo, Alberto & Tonin, Stefania & Trombetta, Francesco & Turvani, Margherita, 2005. "The role of liability, regulation and economic incentives in brownfield remediation and redevelopment: evidence from surveys of developers," Regional Science and Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 35(4), pages 327-351, July.
    12. Dejana Nedučin & Milena Krklješ, 2022. "Culture-Led Regeneration of Industrial Brownfield Hosting Temporary Uses: A Post-Socialist Context–Case Study from Novi Sad, Serbia," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(23), pages 1-26, December.
    13. Zeenat Kotval-K, 2016. "Brownfield Redevelopment," Economic Development Quarterly, , vol. 30(3), pages 275-282, August.
    14. Jana Nekolová & Jiøí Novosák, 2014. "Location of economic activities in the Ostrava metropolitan area (Czech Republic): focused on brownfield redevelopment," ERSA conference papers ersa14p919, European Regional Science Association.
    15. Vera Götze & Josje Anna Bouwmeester & Mathias Jehling, 2024. "For whom do we densify? Explaining income variation across densification projects in the region of Utrecht, the Netherlands," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 61(7), pages 1273-1290, May.
    16. Antonella Pietta & Marco Tononi, 2021. "Re-Naturing the City: Linking Urban Political Ecology and Cultural Ecosystem Services," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(4), pages 1-19, February.
    17. Marie Howland, 2003. "Private Initiative and Public Responsibility for the Redevelopment of Industrial Brownfields: Three Baltimore Case Studies," Economic Development Quarterly, , vol. 17(4), pages 367-381, November.
    18. Naveed Ahmad & Yuming Zhu & Muhammad Ibrahim & Muhammad Waqas & Abdul Waheed, 2018. "Development of a Standard Brownfield Definition, Guidelines, and Evaluation Index System for Brownfield Redevelopment in Developing Countries: The Case of Pakistan," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(12), pages 1-22, November.
    19. Nizalov, Denys & Loveridge, Scott, 2005. "The Differential Impact of Regional Policies on Economic Growth: One Size Does Not Fit All," 2005 Annual meeting, July 24-27, Providence, RI 19360, American Agricultural Economics Association (New Name 2008: Agricultural and Applied Economics Association).
    20. Michael Trouw & Stephan Weiler & Jesse Silverstein, 2020. "Brownfield Development: Uncertainty, Asymmetric Information, and Risk Premia," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(5), pages 1-18, March.
    21. Lizhong Wang & Liping Fang & Keith W. Hipel, 2011. "Negotiation over Costs and Benefits in Brownfield Redevelopment," Group Decision and Negotiation, Springer, vol. 20(4), pages 509-524, July.
    22. Yu-Ting Tang & C. Paul Nathanail, 2012. "Sticks and Stones: The Impact of the Definitions of Brownfield in Policies on Socio-Economic Sustainability," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 4(5), pages 1-23, May.
    23. Ahmad, Naveed & Zhu, Yuming & Hongli, Lin & Karamat, Jawad & Waqas, Muhammad & Taskheer Mumtaz, Syed Muhammad, 2020. "Mapping the obstacles to brownfield redevelopment adoption in developing economies: Pakistani Perspective," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 91(C).

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