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Distributive Effects of Regional Trade Agreements on the ‘Small Trading Partners’: Mercosur and the Case of Uruguay and Paraguay

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  • Fernando Borraz
  • Máximo Rossi
  • Daniel Ferres

Abstract

It is disputed whether trade liberalisation processes are sufficient for reducing poverty and inequality. We explore how ‘gains from trade’ have been distributed in the two minor trade partners of Mercosur, Uruguay and Paraguay, by analysing the impact of trade liberalisation on poverty and inequality through two main transmission channels: prices and income. In the case of Uruguay, trade liberalisation favoured a reduction in poverty indicators but had an almost zero effect on income inequality. In the case of Paraguay, trade liberalisation had a markedly negative impact in terms of poverty yet income distribution improved. We conclude that in the case of Mercosur, the effect of trade on poverty and income inequality varies per country and per region. In particular, we conclude that trade integration policies cannot be regarded as ‘poverty-alleviating’ per se.

Suggested Citation

  • Fernando Borraz & Máximo Rossi & Daniel Ferres, 2012. "Distributive Effects of Regional Trade Agreements on the ‘Small Trading Partners’: Mercosur and the Case of Uruguay and Paraguay," Journal of Development Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 48(12), pages 1828-1843, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:taf:jdevst:v:48:y:2012:i:12:p:1828-1843
    DOI: 10.1080/00220388.2012.682984
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    1. Marisa Bucheli & Máximo Rossi, 1994. "Distribución del ingreso en el Uruguay (1984-1992)," Documentos de Trabajo (working papers) 1094, Department of Economics - dECON.
    2. Antoni Estevadeordal & Junichi Goto & Raul Saez, 2000. "The New Regionalism in the Americas: The Case of MERCOSUR," IDB Publications (Working Papers) 9378, Inter-American Development Bank.
    3. Porto, Guido G., 2003. "Trade reforms, market access, and poverty in Argentina," Policy Research Working Paper Series 3135, The World Bank.
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    7. Sanguinetti, Pablo & Traistaru, Iulia & Volpe Martincus, Christian, 2004. "Economic integration and location of manufacturing activities: Evidence from MERCOSUR," ZEI Working Papers B 11-2004, University of Bonn, ZEI - Center for European Integration Studies.
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    Cited by:

    1. Elizabeth Jane Casabianca, 2016. "Distributional effects of multilateral and preferential trade liberalisation: The case of Paraguay," The Journal of International Trade & Economic Development, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 25(1), pages 80-102, February.
    2. repec:wsr:wpaper:y:2012:i:083 is not listed on IDEAS
    3. Moncarz Pedro Esteban, 2023. "Impactos de bienestar de los aranceles y las licencias no automáticas a las importaciones. Evidencia para Argentina durante el período 2002-2012," Asociación Argentina de Economía Política: Working Papers 4671, Asociación Argentina de Economía Política.
    4. Jaime DE MELO & Julie REGOLO, 2013. "Labor Markets in Regional Trade Agreements: What Do We Know ?," Working Papers P69, FERDI.
    5. Moncarz, Pedro & Barone, Sergio & Descalzi, Ricardo, 2018. "Shocks to the international prices of agricultural commodities and the effects on welfare and poverty. A simulation of the ex ante long-run effects for Uruguay," International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 156(C), pages 136-155.
    6. Huw Lloyd-Ellis & Ardyn Nordstrom, 2021. "Trade, poverty and food security: A survey of recent research and its implications for East Africa," Working Paper 1460, Economics Department, Queen's University.
    7. Pedro Moncarz & Sergio Barone & Germán Calfat & Ricardo Descalzi, 2017. "Poverty Impacts of Changes in the International Prices of Agricultural Commodities: Recent Evidence for Argentina (An Ex-Ante Analysis)," Journal of Development Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 53(3), pages 375-395, March.
    8. Amelia U. Santos‐Paulino & Alisa DiCaprio & Maria V. Sokolova, 2019. "The development trinity: How regional integration impacts growth, inequality and poverty," The World Economy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 42(7), pages 1961-1993, July.
    9. Victoria Pistikou, 2020. "The Impact of CEFTA on Exports, Economic Growth and Development," International Journal of Business and Economic Sciences Applied Research (IJBESAR), Democritus University of Thrace (DUTH), Kavala Campus, Greece, vol. 13(3), pages 15-31, December.
    10. Antonio Martuscelli & Michael Gasiorek, 2019. "Regional Integration And Poverty: A Review Of The Transmission Channels And The Evidence," Journal of Economic Surveys, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 33(2), pages 431-457, April.
    11. Paolo Giordano & Kun Li, 2012. "An Updated Assessment of the Trade and Poverty Nexus in Latin America," IDB Publications (Working Papers) 79119, Inter-American Development Bank.
    12. Giordano, Paolo & Li, Kun, 2012. "An Updated Assessment of the Trade and Poverty Nexus in Latin America," IDB Publications (Working Papers) 4209, Inter-American Development Bank.

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    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • F14 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Empirical Studies of Trade
    • F16 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Trade and Labor Market Interactions
    • D30 - Microeconomics - - Distribution - - - General
    • Q17 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Agriculture - - - Agriculture in International Trade

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