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Impactos de bienestar de los aranceles y las licencias no automáticas a las importaciones. Evidencia para Argentina durante el período 2002-2012

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  • Moncarz Pedro Esteban

Abstract

Desde 2005 aproximadamente, y en mayor medida a partir de la crisis global de 2009, Argentina empezó a desandar parte del proceso de liberalización económica implementado entre 1991 y 2001. Dado el limitado margen de maniobra para modificar los aranceles a las importaciones, se acudió a la implementación de medidas no arancelarias, siendo la más destacada la utilización de licencias no automáticas de importación. Se busca responder cuáles fueron los efectos de bienestar, por medio de cambios en los precios que enfrentan los consumidores, del aumento en las barreras a las importaciones. Los resultados muestran que, entre 2002 y 2012, el aumento en las barreras a las importaciones se tradujo en mayores precios, tanto de los bienes importados como de los producidos domésticamente. Si bien el efecto agregado es reducido, se observa una alta heterogeneidad entre sectores. Casi la totalidad de los efectos se deben a cambios en las licencias no automáticas. Los canales calidad y variedad de los bienes importados explican en mayor medida los aumentos de precios, con un menor rol de los valores unitarios de importación. A nivel de los hogares, todos se vieron perjudicados, pero las pérdidas aumentan con el nivel económico de los mismos.

Suggested Citation

  • Moncarz Pedro Esteban, 2023. "Impactos de bienestar de los aranceles y las licencias no automáticas a las importaciones. Evidencia para Argentina durante el período 2002-2012," Asociación Argentina de Economía Política: Working Papers 4671, Asociación Argentina de Economía Política.
  • Handle: RePEc:aep:anales:4671
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    JEL classification:

    • F14 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Empirical Studies of Trade
    • F15 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Economic Integration

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