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Wealth: Crucial but Not Sufficient - Evidence from Pakistan on Economic Growth, Child Labour and Schooling

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  • Xiaohui Hou

Abstract

This study uses cross-sectional time-series data to examine the relationship between wealth and child labour and schooling in Pakistan and finds that wealth is crucial in determining a child's activities, but is far from being a sufficient condition to enrol a child in school. This is particularly the case for rural girls. Nonparametric analysis shows a universal increase in school enrolment for rural girls from 1998-2006 and this increase is independent of wealth. Multinomial logit regression further shows that wealth is insignificant in determining households' decisions about rural girls' activity. Thus, interventions to increase school enrolment should incorporate broadly targeted, demand-side interventions as well as supply-side interventions.

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  • Xiaohui Hou, 2010. "Wealth: Crucial but Not Sufficient - Evidence from Pakistan on Economic Growth, Child Labour and Schooling," Journal of Development Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 46(3), pages 439-465.
    • Handle: RePEc:taf:jdevst:v:46:y:2010:i:3:p:439-465
    DOI: 10.1080/00220380903166296
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Ben D. MacArthur & Richard O. C. Oreffo, 2005. "Bridging the gap," Nature, Nature, vol. 433(7021), pages 19-19, January.
    2. Rubiana Chamarbagwala & Rusty Tchernis, 2006. "The Role of Social Norms in Child Labor and Schooling in India," CAEPR Working Papers 2006-016, Center for Applied Economics and Policy Research, Department of Economics, Indiana University Bloomington.
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    Cited by:

    1. Bang, James & Mitra, Aniruddha & Abbas, Faisal, 2023. "Remittances and Child Labor in Pakistan: A Tale of Complementarities," GLO Discussion Paper Series 1285, Global Labor Organization (GLO).
    2. Janine Huisman & Jeroen Smits, 2015. "Keeping Children in School," SAGE Open, , vol. 5(4), pages 21582440156, October.
    3. Polyxeni Kechagia & Theodore Metaxas, 2023. "Capital Inflows and Working Children in Developing Countries: An Empirical Approach," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(7), pages 1-18, April.
    4. Muhammad Jehangir Khan, 2019. "School Quality and Parental Schooling Decisions for Their Children: Public and Private Schools in Rural Pakistan," The Pakistan Development Review, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, vol. 58(2), pages 177-202.
    5. Lubna Naz & Abdul Salam Lodhi & Daniel W. Tsegai, 2020. "Parents’ Perception of Education and Choice of Childhood Activities: Evidence from Pakistan," The Pakistan Development Review, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, vol. 59(3), pages 335-355.
    6. Kechagia, Polyxeni & Metaxas, Theodore, 2020. "FDI, child labor and gender issues in Sub – Saharan Africa: an empirical approach," MPRA Paper 104311, University Library of Munich, Germany.

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