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Executive directors' compensation and monitoring: the influence of gender diversity on Spanish boards

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  • J. Samuel Baixauli-Soler
  • M. Encarnacion Lucas-Perez
  • Juan Francisco Martin-Ugedo
  • Antonio Minguez-Vera
  • Gregorio Sanchez-Marin

Abstract

This study presents evidence of the influence of gender diversity on the pay system and the monitoring of executives in Spain. In this country/context, characterized by a few male dominant shareholders acting simultaneously as executives, there is an ongoing discussion regarding the enactment of laws to promote gender equality on the boards of directors of large listed companies. This paper presents several contributions. On the one hand, the scarce previous evidence on this topic is focused on US firms. On the other hand, this study includes the role of ownership structure as a factor that indirectly moderates the relationships between gender diversity on board and monitoring effectiveness in terms of executive directors’ compensation. Furthermore, this paper makes an important effort to control endogeneity. The sample examined includes 120 companies listed on the Spanish stock market during the period 2004–2011. The results show a positive and highly significant effect of the presence of women independent directors on the proportion of variable pay in the compensation of executive directors. Our findings also point out the negative moderating effect of ownership concentration: the more concentrated is ownership in the hands of internal majority shareholder, the less is the link between board diversity and pay-for-performance systems.

Suggested Citation

  • J. Samuel Baixauli-Soler & M. Encarnacion Lucas-Perez & Juan Francisco Martin-Ugedo & Antonio Minguez-Vera & Gregorio Sanchez-Marin, 2016. "Executive directors' compensation and monitoring: the influence of gender diversity on Spanish boards," Journal of Business Economics and Management, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 17(6), pages 1133-1154, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:taf:jbemgt:v:17:y:2016:i:6:p:1133-1154
    DOI: 10.3846/16111699.2014.969767
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    Cited by:

    1. Alaa Mansour Zalata & Collins Ntim & Ahmed Aboud & Ernest Gyapong, 2019. "Female CEOs and Core Earnings Quality: New Evidence on the Ethics Versus Risk-Aversion Puzzle," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 160(2), pages 515-534, December.
    2. Nguyen, Thi Hong Hanh & Ntim, Collins G. & Malagila, John K., 2020. "Women on corporate boards and corporate financial and non-financial performance: A systematic literature review and future research agenda," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 71(C).
    3. Grey, Colette & Flynn, Antoinette & Adu, Douglas A., 2024. "An examination of how executive remuneration and firm performance are influenced by Chair-CEO diversity attributes," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 94(C).
    4. Mishlin Nweiser & Krisztina Dajnoki, 2022. "The Importance Of Workforce Diversity Management As A Global Imperative €“ A Systematic Review," Oradea Journal of Business and Economics, University of Oradea, Faculty of Economics, vol. 7(2), pages 63-74, Septembri.
    5. Paola Belingheri & Filippo Chiarello & Andrea Fronzetti Colladon & Paola Rovelli, 2021. "Twenty years of gender equality research: A scoping review based on a new semantic indicatorr," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 16(9), pages 1-27, September.

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