IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/taf/eurjfi/v27y2021i4-5p419-440.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

The consensus equilibria of mining gap games related to the stability of Blockchain Ecosystems

Author

Listed:
  • Lan Di
  • George X. Yuan
  • Tu Zeng

Abstract

The equity and currency tokens are typically two kinds of initial coin offerings (ICOs) like Bitcoin or Ethereum based on the platform of Blockchains to provide a particular product or service, it is very important to study the mechanism of Blockchain Ecosystems. The goal of this paper is to explain the stable in the sense for the existence of consensus equilibria for mining gap games by using one new concept called ‘consensus games (CG)’ under the framework of Blockchain Ecosystems which mainly mean the economic activities by taking into the account of three types of different factors which are expenses, reward mechanism and mining power for the work on blockschain by applying consensuses including the ‘Proof of Work’ due to Nakamoto in 2008 as a special case.

Suggested Citation

  • Lan Di & George X. Yuan & Tu Zeng, 2021. "The consensus equilibria of mining gap games related to the stability of Blockchain Ecosystems," The European Journal of Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 27(4-5), pages 419-440, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjfi:v:27:y:2021:i:4-5:p:419-440
    DOI: 10.1080/1351847X.2020.1776352
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/1351847X.2020.1776352
    Download Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1080/1351847X.2020.1776352?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Jonathan Chiu & Thorsten V Koeppl, 2019. "Blockchain-Based Settlement for Asset Trading," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 32(5), pages 1716-1753.
    2. Uyanık, Metin, 2015. "On the nonemptiness of the α-core of discontinuous games: Transferable and nontransferable utilities," Journal of Economic Theory, Elsevier, vol. 158(PA), pages 213-231.
    3. Andreas Fuster & Matthew Plosser & Philipp Schnabl & James Vickery, 2019. "The Role of Technology in Mortgage Lending," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 32(5), pages 1854-1899.
    4. Scarf, Herbert E., 1971. "On the existence of a coopertive solution for a general class of N-person games," Journal of Economic Theory, Elsevier, vol. 3(2), pages 169-181, June.
    5. Itay Goldstein & Wei Jiang & G Andrew Karolyi, 2019. "To FinTech and Beyond," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 32(5), pages 1647-1661.
    6. Francesco D’Acunto & Nagpurnanand Prabhala & Alberto G Rossi, 2019. "The Promises and Pitfalls of Robo-Advising," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 32(5), pages 1983-2020.
    7. Zhao, Jingang, 1992. "The hybrid solutions of an N-person game," Games and Economic Behavior, Elsevier, vol. 4(1), pages 145-160, January.
    8. Martins-da-Rocha, Victor Filipe & Yannelis, Nicholas C., 2011. "Non-emptiness of the alpha-core," FGV EPGE Economics Working Papers (Ensaios Economicos da EPGE) 716, EPGE Brazilian School of Economics and Finance - FGV EPGE (Brazil).
    9. Mark A Chen & Qinxi Wu & Baozhong Yang, 2019. "How Valuable Is FinTech Innovation?," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 32(5), pages 2062-2106.
    10. Yang, Zhe & Yuan, George Xianzhi, 2019. "Some generalizations of Zhao’s theorem: Hybrid solutions and weak hybrid solutions for games with nonordered preferences," Journal of Mathematical Economics, Elsevier, vol. 84(C), pages 94-100.
    11. Lin William Cong & Zhiguo He, 2019. "Blockchain Disruption and Smart Contracts," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 32(5), pages 1754-1797.
    12. Askoura, Y., 2011. "The weak-core of a game in normal form with a continuum of players," Journal of Mathematical Economics, Elsevier, vol. 47(1), pages 43-47, January.
    13. Border, Kim C, 1984. "A Core Existence Theorem for Games without Ordered Preferences," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 52(6), pages 1537-1542, November.
    14. Bruno Biais & Christophe Bisière & Matthieu Bouvard & Catherine Casamatta, 2019. "The Blockchain Folk Theorem," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 32(5), pages 1662-1715.
    15. Zhao, Jingang, 1996. "The hybrid equilibria and core selection in exchange economies with externalities," Journal of Mathematical Economics, Elsevier, vol. 26(4), pages 387-407.
    16. Huan Tang, 2019. "Peer-to-Peer Lenders Versus Banks: Substitutes or Complements?," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 32(5), pages 1900-1938.
    17. Sean Foley & Jonathan R Karlsen & Tālis J Putniņš, 2019. "Sex, Drugs, and Bitcoin: How Much Illegal Activity Is Financed through Cryptocurrencies?," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 32(5), pages 1798-1853.
    18. Youcef Askoura, 2011. "The weak-core of a game in normal form with a continuum of players," Post-Print hal-01982380, HAL.
    19. Boris Vallée & Yao Zeng, 2019. "Marketplace Lending: A New Banking Paradigm?," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 32(5), pages 1939-1982.
    20. Yannelis, Nicholas C. & Prabhakar, N. D., 1983. "Existence of maximal elements and equilibria in linear topological spaces," Journal of Mathematical Economics, Elsevier, vol. 12(3), pages 233-245, December.
    21. Weber, S., 1981. "Some results on the weak core of a non-side-payment game with infinitely many players," Journal of Mathematical Economics, Elsevier, vol. 8(1), pages 101-111, March.
    22. Shafer, Wayne & Sonnenschein, Hugo, 1975. "Equilibrium in abstract economies without ordered preferences," Journal of Mathematical Economics, Elsevier, vol. 2(3), pages 345-348, December.
    23. Christina Zhu, 2019. "Big Data as a Governance Mechanism," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 32(5), pages 2021-2061.
    24. Ichiishi, Tatsuro, 1981. "A Social Coalitional Equilibrium Existence Lemma," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 49(2), pages 369-377, March.
    25. Noguchi, Mitsunori, 2018. "Alpha cores of games with nonatomic asymmetric information," Journal of Mathematical Economics, Elsevier, vol. 75(C), pages 1-12.
    26. Isabelle Lefebvre, 2001. "An alternative proof of the nonemptiness of the private core," Economic Theory, Springer;Society for the Advancement of Economic Theory (SAET), vol. 18(2), pages 275-291.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Crettez, Bertrand & Nessah, Rabia & Tazdaït, Tarik, 2022. "On the strong hybrid solution of an n-person game," Mathematical Social Sciences, Elsevier, vol. 117(C), pages 61-68.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Yang, Zhe & Yuan, George Xianzhi, 2019. "Some generalizations of Zhao’s theorem: Hybrid solutions and weak hybrid solutions for games with nonordered preferences," Journal of Mathematical Economics, Elsevier, vol. 84(C), pages 94-100.
    2. Yang, Zhe & Song, Qingping, 2022. "A weak α-core existence theorem of generalized games with infinitely many players and pseudo-utilities," Mathematical Social Sciences, Elsevier, vol. 116(C), pages 40-46.
    3. Jing Jian Xiao & Chunsheng Tao, 2020. "Consumer finance/household finance: the definition and scope," China Finance Review International, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 11(1), pages 1-25, June.
    4. Yang, Zhe, 2020. "The weak α-core of exchange economies with a continuum of players and pseudo-utilities," Journal of Mathematical Economics, Elsevier, vol. 91(C), pages 43-50.
    5. Yang, Zhe & Zhang, Xian, 2021. "A weak α-core existence theorem of games with nonordered preferences and a continuum of agents," Journal of Mathematical Economics, Elsevier, vol. 94(C).
    6. Thomas J. Chemmanur & Michael B. Imerman & Harshit Rajaiya & Qianqian Yu, 2020. "Recent Developments In The Fintech Industry," Journal of Financial Management, Markets and Institutions (JFMMI), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 8(01), pages 1-31, June.
    7. Itay Goldstein & Wei Jiang & G Andrew Karolyi, 2019. "To FinTech and Beyond," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 32(5), pages 1647-1661.
    8. Hao, Jing & Peng, Mengzu & He, Wenjia, 2023. "Digital finance development and bank liquidity creation," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 90(C).
    9. Geng, Hongyan & Guo, Pin & Cheng, Maoyong, 2023. "The dark side of bank FinTech: Evidence from a transition economy," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 80(C), pages 1811-1830.
    10. Cheng, Maoyong & Qu, Yang, 2020. "Does bank FinTech reduce credit risk? Evidence from China," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 63(C).
    11. Ji, Yu & Shi, Lina & Zhang, Shunming, 2022. "Digital finance and corporate bankruptcy risk: Evidence from China," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 72(C).
    12. Dulani Jayasuriya Daluwathumullagamage & Alexandra Sims, 2021. "Fantastic Beasts: Blockchain Based Banking," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-43, April.
    13. Yang, Zhe, 2018. "Some generalizations of Kajii’s theorem to games with infinitely many players," Journal of Mathematical Economics, Elsevier, vol. 76(C), pages 131-135.
    14. Crettez, Bertrand & Nessah, Rabia & Tazdaït, Tarik, 2022. "On the strong hybrid solution of an n-person game," Mathematical Social Sciences, Elsevier, vol. 117(C), pages 61-68.
    15. David M. Harrison & Michael J. Seiler & Liuming Yang, 2024. "The Impact of iBuyers on Housing Market Dynamics," The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, Springer, vol. 68(3), pages 425-461, April.
    16. Thakor, Anjan V., 2020. "Fintech and banking: What do we know?," Journal of Financial Intermediation, Elsevier, vol. 41(C).
    17. Wang, Xiaoting & Hou, Siyuan & Kyaw, Khine & Xue, Xupeng & Liu, Xueqin, 2023. "Exploring the determinants of Fintech Credit: A comprehensive analysis," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 126(C).
    18. Yang, Zhe, 2017. "Some infinite-player generalizations of Scarf’s theorem: Finite-coalition α-cores and weak α-cores," Journal of Mathematical Economics, Elsevier, vol. 73(C), pages 81-85.
    19. Ailian Zhang & Shuyao Wang & Bai Liu & Pei Liu, 2022. "How fintech impacts pre‐ and post‐loan risk in Chinese commercial banks," International Journal of Finance & Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 27(2), pages 2514-2529, April.
    20. Chen, Xiaohui & Teng, Lei & Chen, Wen, 2022. "How does FinTech affect the development of the digital economy? Evidence from China," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 61(C).

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:taf:eurjfi:v:27:y:2021:i:4-5:p:419-440. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Chris Longhurst (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.tandfonline.com/REJF20 .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.