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Biodiversity offsetting and net positive design

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  • Janis Birkeland
  • Stephen Knight-Lenihan

Abstract

Biodiversity offsetting is used in both urban development and regional resource consent processes to compensate for unavoidable environmental impacts. Using North American, Australian and New Zealand examples, the limitations, opportunities and contradictions of the conventional approach in biodiversity offsetting schemes relevant to the built urban environment were reviewed. It was found that there is not adequate accounting for incremental and cumulative effects over time and space, especially given ecological uncertainty. Benchmarking against current conditions has sanctioned a gradual loss of ecological carrying capacity and biodiversity. Net biodiversity gains are possible, but this will require shifts in frameworks for assessing both buildings and biodiversity offsets towards net positive planning and design.

Suggested Citation

  • Janis Birkeland & Stephen Knight-Lenihan, 2016. "Biodiversity offsetting and net positive design," Journal of Urban Design, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 21(1), pages 50-66, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:taf:cjudxx:v:21:y:2016:i:1:p:50-66
    DOI: 10.1080/13574809.2015.1129891
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Burtraw, Dallas, 2000. "Innovation Under the Tradable Sulfur Dioxide Emission Permits Program in the U.S. Electricity Sector," Discussion Papers 10599, Resources for the Future.
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    2. Piero Morseletto, 2020. "Restorative and regenerative: Exploring the concepts in the circular economy," Journal of Industrial Ecology, Yale University, vol. 24(4), pages 763-773, August.
    3. Birkeland Janis, 2018. "Challenging policy barriers in sustainable urban design," Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series, Sciendo, vol. 40(40), pages 41-56, June.
    4. Chiara Catalano & Mihaela Meslec & Jules Boileau & Riccardo Guarino & Isabella Aurich & Nathalie Baumann & Frédéric Chartier & Pascale Dalix & Sophie Deramond & Patrick Laube & Angela Ka Ki Lee & Pasc, 2021. "Smart Sustainable Cities of the New Millennium: Towards Design for Nature," Circular Economy and Sustainability, Springer, vol. 1(3), pages 1053-1086, November.

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