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Persistence of gender inequality: the role of ethnic divisions

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  • Sefa Awaworyi Churchill
  • Ahmed Salim Nuhu
  • Karely Lopez

Abstract

Gender inequality remains a fundamental challenge for global policymakers given that it has detrimental implications for growth and human capital formation. However, studies examining the roots of gender inequality, and what determines the level of inequality are relatively scant. In this study, we seek to contribute to the literature that examines the roots of gender inequality and thus, our objective is to examine the impact of ethnic diversity on gender inequality. We argue that the level of ethnic diversity within a country plays a role in either deepening or bridging gender gaps. Using indices of ethnic fractionalization, we examine the effects of ethnic diversity on measures of gender inequality such as the gender inequality index, and its associated dimensions of empowerment, educational attainment and labour market outcomes. Our evidence suggests that ethnic diversity widens existing gender gaps. We discuss several mechanisms through which ethnic diversity may lead to the increase of existing gender gaps, and lay out various policy approaches to address gender inequality.

Suggested Citation

  • Sefa Awaworyi Churchill & Ahmed Salim Nuhu & Karely Lopez, 2019. "Persistence of gender inequality: the role of ethnic divisions," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 51(8), pages 781-796, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:taf:applec:v:51:y:2019:i:8:p:781-796
    DOI: 10.1080/00036846.2018.1513635
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    Cited by:

    1. Nieto, Adrián, 2021. "Native-immigrant differences in the effect of children on the gender pay gap," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 183(C), pages 654-680.
    2. Muhammad Qahraman Kakar, 2021. "Ethnic Disparities, Women Education and Empowerment in South Asia," Erudite Ph.D Dissertations, Erudite, number ph21-01 edited by Manon Domingues Dos Santos.
    3. Hoch, Felix & Seyberth, Lilo, 2021. "How institutions moderate the effect of gender diversity on firm performance," Discussion Papers of the Institute for Organisational Economics 11/2021, University of Münster, Institute for Organisational Economics.
    4. Ngarava, Saul & Zhou, Leocadia & Ningi, Thulani & Chari, Martin M. & Mdiya, Lwandiso, 2022. "Gender and ethnic disparities in energy poverty: The case of South Africa," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 161(C).
    5. Francesco Gangi & Lucia Michela Daniele & Eugenio D'Angelo & Nicola Varrone & Maria Coscia, 2023. "The impact of board gender diversity on banks' environmental policy: The moderating role of gender inequality in national culture," Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 30(3), pages 1273-1291, May.

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