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Employment and the risk of domestic violence: does the breadwinner’s gender matter?

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  • César Alonso-Borrego
  • Raquel Carrasco

Abstract

This article studies the effect on the risk of female victimization of the employment status of the woman and her partner. We use individual-level data from the violence against women surveys for Spain, which also provide information on income and a rich set of sociodemographic characteristics. To address the potential endogeneity of the binary employment indicators, we exploit exogenous geographical information on the employment and unemployment rates by gender and age, within a multivariate probit framework. Our estimation results show that male partner employment plays a major role in the risk of physical violence, while female employment only lowers it when her partner is employed too. The lowest risk appears for more egalitarian couples in which both partners are employed.

Suggested Citation

  • César Alonso-Borrego & Raquel Carrasco, 2017. "Employment and the risk of domestic violence: does the breadwinner’s gender matter?," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 49(50), pages 5074-5091, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:taf:applec:v:49:y:2017:i:50:p:5074-5091
    DOI: 10.1080/00036846.2017.1299103
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    Cited by:

    1. Marco Colagrossi & Claudio Deiana & Andrea Geraci & Ludovica Giua, 2022. "Hang up on stereotypes: Domestic violence and an anti‐abuse helpline campaign," Contemporary Economic Policy, Western Economic Association International, vol. 40(4), pages 585-611, October.
    2. Rodriguez, Zachary, 2022. "The power of employment: Effects of India’s employment guarantee on women empowerment," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 152(C).
    3. Gedikli, Cigdem & Popli, Gurleen & Yilmaz, Okan, 2023. "The impact of intimate partner violence on women’s labour market outcomes," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 164(C).
    4. Angela Greulich & Aurélien Dasré, 2022. "The association between women’s economic participation and physical and/or sexual domestic violence against women: A case study for Turkey [Le lien entre violence domestique et emploi en Turquie]," Post-Print hal-03959678, HAL.
    5. Karine Torosyan & Norberto Pignatti, 2020. "Employment vs. Homestay and the Happiness of Women in the South Caucasus," Working Papers 2020-007, Human Capital and Economic Opportunity Working Group.
    6. Bhalotra, Sonia R. & Kambhampati, Uma & Rawlings, Samantha & Siddique, Zahra, 2018. "Intimate Partner Violence and the Business Cycle," IZA Discussion Papers 11274, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    7. Ojha, Manini & Babbar, Karan, 2023. "Power to choose? Examining the link between contraceptive use and domestic violence," GLO Discussion Paper Series 1336, Global Labor Organization (GLO).
    8. Karine Torosyan & Norberto Pignatti, 2022. "Employment Versus Home-Stay and the Happiness of Women in the South Caucasus," Journal of Happiness Studies, Springer, vol. 23(8), pages 4027-4071, December.
    9. Alexander Henke & Linchi Hsu, 2022. "COVID-19 and Domestic Violence: Economics or Isolation?," Journal of Family and Economic Issues, Springer, vol. 43(2), pages 296-309, June.
    10. Caoimhe Rice & Judit Vall Castelló, 2018. "Hit where it hurts – healthcare access and intimate partner violence," Working Papers 2018/22, Institut d'Economia de Barcelona (IEB).
    11. Arenas-Arroyo, Esther & Fernandez-Kranz, Daniel & Nollenberger, Natalia, 2021. "Intimate partner violence under forced cohabitation and economic stress: Evidence from the COVID-19 pandemic," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 194(C).
    12. Bedaso, Fenet Jima, 2024. "Her Job, her Safety? Domestic Violence and Women's Economic Empowerment: Evidence from Ethiopia," GLO Discussion Paper Series 1436, Global Labor Organization (GLO).
    13. Tur-Prats, Ana, 2021. "Unemployment and intimate partner violence: A Cultural approach," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 185(C), pages 27-49.
    14. Angela Greulich & Aurélien Dasré, 2022. "The association between women’s economic participation and physical and/or sexual domestic violence against women: A case study for Turkey [Le lien entre violence domestique et emploi en Turquie]," SciencePo Working papers Main hal-03959678, HAL.
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    16. Yasemin Dildar, 2021. "Is Economic Empowerment a Protective Factor Against Intimate Partner Violence? Evidence from Turkey," The European Journal of Development Research, Palgrave Macmillan;European Association of Development Research and Training Institutes (EADI), vol. 33(6), pages 1695-1728, December.
    17. Sara Cools & Martin Flatø & Andreas Kotsadam, 2020. "Rainfall shocks and intimate partner violence in sub-Saharan Africa," Journal of Peace Research, Peace Research Institute Oslo, vol. 57(3), pages 377-390, May.
    18. Bellés Obrero, Cristina & Rice, Caoimhe T. & Vall-Castello, Judit, 2023. "Hit Where It Hurts: Healthcare Access and Intimate Partner Violence," IZA Discussion Papers 15994, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    19. Singh, Vanita & Babbar, Karan, 2022. "Empowered but abused? A moderated mediation analysis to explore the relationship between wife's relative resources, relational empowerment and physical abuse," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 296(C).

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    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • J12 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Marriage; Marital Dissolution; Family Structure
    • D19 - Microeconomics - - Household Behavior - - - Other
    • J16 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Economics of Gender; Non-labor Discrimination
    • C25 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Single Equation Models; Single Variables - - - Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models; Discrete Regressors; Proportions; Probabilities
    • C26 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Single Equation Models; Single Variables - - - Instrumental Variables (IV) Estimation

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