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Does pecking order theory explain leverage behaviour in Pakistan?

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  • Muhammad Azeem Qureshi

Abstract

This study uses a 34 years' standardized balance sheet data of the manufacturing firms in Pakistan to know the leverage behaviour of these firms over time. The results indicate that leverage has two pervasive and significant relationships: one, negative relationship with current and past profitability; and two, positive relationship with past dividends. This provides empirical evidence to put forward strong support to Pecking Order Theory (POT) in context of profitability and dividends. Moreover, it provides empirical evidence to present a reasonable support to POT regarding growth. However, apropos size POT gets nominal empirical support from Pakistan.

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  • Muhammad Azeem Qureshi, 2009. "Does pecking order theory explain leverage behaviour in Pakistan?," Applied Financial Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 19(17), pages 1365-1370.
    • Handle: RePEc:taf:apfiec:v:19:y:2009:i:17:p:1365-1370
    DOI: 10.1080/09603100902817592
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    Cited by:

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    2. Bülent, Köksal & Cüneyt, Orman & Arif, Oduncu, 2013. "Determinants of Capital Structure: Evidence from a Major Emerging Market Economy," MPRA Paper 48415, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    3. Enrico Santarelli & Hien Thu Tran, 2018. "The interaction of institutional quality and human capital in shaping the dynamics of capital structure in Vietnam," WIDER Working Paper Series wp-2018-66, World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER).
    4. Dedi Kusmayadi & Yusuf Abdullah & Irman Firmansyah, 2022. "Master of Management Program, Faculty of Postgraduate, Siliwangi University, Tasikmalaya, Indonesia," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 12(1), pages 23-31.
    5. Fareed Zeeshan & Ali Zahid & Shahzad Farrukh & Nazir Muhammad Imran & Ullah Assad, 2016. "Determinants of Profitability: Evidence from Power and Energy Sector," Studia Universitatis Babeș-Bolyai Oeconomica, Sciendo, vol. 61(3), pages 59-78, December.
    6. İbrahim Yarba & Z. Nuray Güner, 2020. "Leverage dynamics: Do financial development and government leverage matter? Evidence from a major developing economy," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 59(5), pages 2473-2507, November.
    7. Nguyen Tra Ngoc Vy, 2016. "Does Profitability affect Debt Ratio? Evidence from Vietnam Listed Firms," Journal of Finance and Economics Research, Geist Science, Iqra University, Faculty of Business Administration, vol. 1(2), pages 87-100, October.
    8. Bülent Köksal & Cüneyt Orman, 2015. "Determinants of capital structure: evidence from a major developing economy," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 44(2), pages 255-282, February.
    9. Nadeem Ahmed Sheikh & Muhammad Azeem Qureshi, 2014. "Crowding-out or shying-away: impact of corporate income tax on capital structure choice of firms in Pakistan," Applied Financial Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 24(19), pages 1249-1260, October.
    10. Tanveer Ahsan & Wang Man & Muhammad Azeem Qureshi, 2016. "Mean reverting financial leverage: theory and evidence from Pakistan," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 48(5), pages 379-388, January.
    11. Enrico Santarelli & Hien Thu Tran, 2018. "The interaction of institutional quality and human capital in shaping the dynamics of capital structure in Vietnam," WIDER Working Paper Series 66, World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER).
    12. Tanveer Ahsan & Muhammad Azeem Qureshi, 2017. "The impact of financial liberalization on capital structure adjustment in Pakistan: a doubly censored modelling," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 49(41), pages 4148-4160, September.
    13. Amanj Mohamed Ahmed & Nabard Abdallah Sharif & Muhammad Nawzad Ali & István Hágen, 2023. "Effect of Firm Size on the Association between Capital Structure and Profitability," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(14), pages 1-17, July.
    14. Dedi Kusmayadi & Irman Firmansyah, 2023. "Environmental Disclosure and Efficiency Performance of Energy Company: Case Study of Indonesia," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 13(1), pages 374-381, January.
    15. Khémiri, Wafa & Noubbigh, Hédi, 2018. "Determinants of capital structure: Evidence from sub-Saharan African firms," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 70(C), pages 150-159.
    16. Attaullah Shah & Jasir Ilyas, 2014. "Is Negative Profitability-Leverage Relation the only Support for the Pecking Order Theory in Case of Pakistani Firms?," The Pakistan Development Review, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, vol. 53(1), pages 33-55.

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