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Challenges to the fraud triangle: Questions on its usefulness

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  • Mark E. Lokanan

Abstract

Fraud is increasing with frequency and severity. In this paper, I explore the assertion of the fraud triangle as a useful practitioner framework employed to combat fraud. This paper is anchored through Fairclough's critical discourse theory, and is supported with evidence from three accounting fraud cases. The findings indicate that the Association of Certified Fraud Examiner's (ACFE) perpetuates a discourse that presents a restricted version of fraud. Fraud is a multifaceted phenomenon, whose contextual factors may not fit into a particular framework. Consequently, the fraud triangle should not be seen as a sufficiently reliable model for antifraud professionals.

Suggested Citation

  • Mark E. Lokanan, 2015. "Challenges to the fraud triangle: Questions on its usefulness," Accounting Forum, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 39(3), pages 201-224, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:taf:accfor:v:39:y:2015:i:3:p:201-224
    DOI: 10.1016/j.accfor.2015.05.002
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    Cited by:

    1. Monica Ramos Montesdeoca & Agustín J. Sánchez Medina & Felix Blázquez Santana, 2019. "Research Topics in Accounting Fraud in the 21st Century: A State of the Art," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(6), pages 1-31, March.
    2. Xin Xu & Feng Xiong & Zhe An, 2023. "Using Machine Learning to Predict Corporate Fraud: Evidence Based on the GONE Framework," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 186(1), pages 137-158, August.
    3. Ghio, Alessandro & McGuigan, Nicholas & Powell, Lisa, 2023. "The Queering Accounting Manifesto," CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON ACCOUNTING, Elsevier, vol. 90(C).
    4. Mark E. Lokanan & Prerna Sharma, 2023. "Two Decades of Accounting Fraud Research: The Missing Meso-Level Analysis," SAGE Open, , vol. 13(3), pages 21582440231, September.
    5. Hideaki Sakawa & Naoki Watanabel, 2022. "Accounting Frauds and Main-Bank Monitoring in Japanese Corporations," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 180(2), pages 605-621, October.
    6. Waseem Yousaf & Raheel Jamil, 2020. "Does Moral Intensity Affect the Whistleblowing Intentions?," iRASD Journal of Management, International Research Alliance for Sustainable Development (iRASD), vol. 2(2), pages 84-99, December.
    7. Roberto Tommasetti & Rodrigo de Oliveira Leite & Vinicius Mothé Maia & Marcelo Alvaro da Silva Macedo, 2021. "Revisiting the Accounting Fraud Components: A Bottom-Up Approach Using the Twitter Platform," SAGE Open, , vol. 11(4), pages 21582440211, November.
    8. Christina Philippou, 2024. "Expert Perceptions on Anti-bribery and Corruption Policies in Sports Governing Bodies: Implications for Ethical Climate Theory," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 193(2), pages 427-440, August.
    9. Madzivire E.T & Nyamwanza L & Mushonga W & Takachicha M. T & Mulonda D, 2020. "An Investigation on the Effectiveness of Forensic Audit as a Tool for Fraud Detection and Prevention," Journal of Accounting, Business and Finance Research, Scientific Publishing Institute, vol. 10(2), pages 49-67.
    10. Intiyas Utami & Yosephine Widwining Astiti & Nafsiah Mohamed, 2019. "Fraud Intention and Machiavellianism: An Experimental Study of Fraud Triangle," International Journal of Financial Research, International Journal of Financial Research, Sciedu Press, vol. 11(5), pages 269-279, August.
    11. Tamer Aksoy & Ali Tümay Denkdemir, 2024. "The Perception of Fraud and Perspective on Ethics of the Media Employees in Emerging Countries in the Digital Era: Evidence from Türkiye," Journal of Ibn Haldun Studies [İbn Haldun Çalışmaları Dergisi], Ibn Haldun University, vol. 9(2), pages 161-191, July.
    12. Domènec Melé & Josep M. Rosanas & Joan Fontrodona, 2017. "Ethics in Finance and Accounting: Editorial Introduction," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 140(4), pages 609-613, February.
    13. Rabeea Sadaf & Judit Oláh & József Popp & Domicián Máté, 2018. "An Investigation of the Influence of the Worldwide Governance and Competitiveness on Accounting Fraud Cases: A Cross-Country Perspective," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(3), pages 1-11, February.
    14. Ozili, Peterson K, 2020. "Forensic accounting theory," MPRA Paper 102566, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    15. Hengky Latan & Charbel Jose Chiappetta Jabbour & Ana Beatriz Lopes de Sousa Jabbour, 2019. "‘Whistleblowing Triangle’: Framework and Empirical Evidence," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 160(1), pages 189-204, November.
    16. Tekavčič Metka & Damijan Sandra, 2021. "Forensic Accounting vs Fraud examination: Roles, Importance and Differences," Journal of Forensic Accounting Profession, Sciendo, vol. 1(2), pages 29-47, December.
    17. Saffet A. Uygur & Christopher J. Napier, 2024. "Understanding Fraud in the Not-For-Profit Sector: A Stakeholder Perspective for Charities," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 190(3), pages 569-588, March.
    18. Adekunle Akinola, PhD., 2024. "Fraud Prevention and Internal Control Mechanisms in Selected Banks in Nigeria," International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS), vol. 8(7), pages 287-298, July.
    19. Paulina Roszkowska & Domènec Melé, 2021. "Organizational Factors in the Individual Ethical Behaviour. The Notion of the “Organizational Moral Structure”," Humanistic Management Journal, Springer, vol. 6(2), pages 187-209, July.
    20. Jeanette Akkeren & Sherrena Buckby, 2017. "Perceptions on the Causes of Individual and Fraudulent Co-offending: Views of Forensic Accountants," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 146(2), pages 383-404, December.
    21. Sargiacomo, Massimo & Everett, Jeff & Ianni, Luca & D'Andreamatteo, Antonio, 2024. "Auditing for fraud and corruption: A public-interest-based definition and analysis," The British Accounting Review, Elsevier, vol. 56(2).

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