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Assessment the Quality of Bottled Drinking Water Through Mamdani Fuzzy Water Quality Index

Author

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  • Ghorban Asgari

    (Social Determinants of Health Research Center (SDHRC), Hamadan University of Medical Sciences)

  • Ensieh Komijani

    (Social Determinants of Health Research Center (SDHRC), Hamadan University of Medical Sciences)

  • Abdolmotaleb Seid-Mohammadi

    (Social Determinants of Health Research Center (SDHRC), Hamadan University of Medical Sciences)

  • Mohammad Khazaei

    (Hamadan University of Medical Sciences)

Abstract

In this investigation, an innovative index was developed based on the fuzzy inference system for assessing the quality of bottled drinking waters. A method was developed to aggregate the values obtained from the defuzzification step. A total number of 24 quality parameters revealing the characteristics of bottled were in terms of physiochemical, dietary, toxic, and pathogenic aspects were selected as the input parameters. 30 samples were taken from the independent brands found in the Hamadan province retail market to evaluate the bottled water quality index (BWQI). Results show that the values obtained from measuring the parameters are in the range of the standard levels set by national regulations. The BWQI scores obtained from samples were in the range of 61.2-73.8 attributing to the marginal and fair descriptive classes. The drinking bottled water samples had better scores because of low contents of NO3, NO2, Fe, Mn, Cu, and Zn that are subjugated public distribution systems having the severe standards on urban water treatment plants for in case safe water. The mineral bottled water samples examination indicated that they are generally affected by the mineral contents of sedimentary rocks and NO3 leaks from fertilizers used in the agricultural doings and also they do not elaborate the rigorous scrutiny system alike those donned in the public water distribution systems. Sensitivity analysis using the Monte Carlo algorithm reveals that the parameters NO3, Na, hardness, and NO2 have the most impact on the BWQI scores.

Suggested Citation

  • Ghorban Asgari & Ensieh Komijani & Abdolmotaleb Seid-Mohammadi & Mohammad Khazaei, 2021. "Assessment the Quality of Bottled Drinking Water Through Mamdani Fuzzy Water Quality Index," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 35(15), pages 5431-5452, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:waterr:v:35:y:2021:i:15:d:10.1007_s11269-021-03013-z
    DOI: 10.1007/s11269-021-03013-z
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. W. Kip Viscusi & Joel Huber & Jason Bell, 2015. "The Private Rationality Of Bottled Water Drinking," Contemporary Economic Policy, Western Economic Association International, vol. 33(3), pages 450-467, July.
    2. Margaret W. Gitau & Jingqiu Chen & Zhao Ma, 2016. "Water Quality Indices as Tools for Decision Making and Management," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 30(8), pages 2591-2610, June.
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    Cited by:

    1. Mojtaba Poursaeid & Amir Houssain Poursaeid & Saeid Shabanlou, 2022. "A Comparative Study of Artificial Intelligence Models and A Statistical Method for Groundwater Level Prediction," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 36(5), pages 1499-1519, March.
    2. Zehai Gao & Yang Liu & Nan Li & Kangjie Ma, 2022. "An Enhanced Beetle Antennae Search Algorithm Based Comprehensive Water Quality Index for Urban River Water Quality Assessment," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 36(8), pages 2685-2702, June.

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