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Optimization of River Water Quality Surveys by Multivariate Analysis of Physicochemical, Bacteriological and Ecotoxicological Data

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  • Ana Gomes
  • José Pires
  • Sónia Figueiredo
  • Rui Boaventura

Abstract

This study aims to optimize the water quality monitoring of a polluted watercourse (Leça River, Portugal) through the principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA). These statistical methodologies were applied to physicochemical, bacteriological and ecotoxicological data (with the marine bacterium Vibrio fischeri and the green alga Chlorella vulgaris) obtained with the analysis of water samples monthly collected at seven monitoring sites and during five campaigns (February, May, June, August, and September 2006). The results of some variables were assigned to water quality classes according to national guidelines. Chemical and bacteriological quality data led to classify Leça River water quality as “bad” or “very bad”. PCA and CA identified monitoring sites with similar pollution pattern, giving to site 1 (located in the upstream stretch of the river) a distinct feature from all other sampling sites downstream. Ecotoxicity results corroborated this classification thus revealing differences in space and time. The present study includes not only physical, chemical and bacteriological but also ecotoxicological parameters, which broadens new perspectives in river water characterization. Moreover, the application of PCA and CA is very useful to optimize water quality monitoring networks, defining the minimum number of sites and their location. Thus, these tools can support appropriate management decisions. Copyright Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2014

Suggested Citation

  • Ana Gomes & José Pires & Sónia Figueiredo & Rui Boaventura, 2014. "Optimization of River Water Quality Surveys by Multivariate Analysis of Physicochemical, Bacteriological and Ecotoxicological Data," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 28(5), pages 1345-1361, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:waterr:v:28:y:2014:i:5:p:1345-1361
    DOI: 10.1007/s11269-014-0547-9
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Nurtac Ogleni & Bayram Topal, 2011. "Water Quality Assessment of the Mudurnu River, Turkey, Using Biotic Indices," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 25(10), pages 2487-2508, August.
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    4. Ayman Awadallah & Mohsen Yousry, 2012. "Identifying Homogeneous Water Quality Regions in the Nile River Using Multivariate Statistical Analysis," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 26(7), pages 2039-2055, May.
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    2. József Kovács & Solt Kovács & István Hatvani & Norbert Magyar & Péter Tanos & János Korponai & Alfred Blaschke, 2015. "Spatial Optimization of Monitoring Networkson the Examples of a River, a Lake-Wetland System and a Sub-Surface Water System," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 29(14), pages 5275-5294, November.
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