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The Effects of Groundwater and Surface Water Use on Total Water Availability and Implications for Water Management: The Case of Lake Naivasha, Kenya

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  • Pieter Oel
  • Dawit Mulatu
  • Vincent Odongo
  • Frank Meins
  • Rick Hogeboom
  • Robert Becht
  • Alfred Stein
  • Japheth Onyando
  • Anne Veen

Abstract

This study discusses the effects of water abstractions from two alternative sources on the available water volume around Lake Naivasha, Kenya: the lake itself and a connected aquifer. An estimation of the water abstraction pattern for the period 1999–2010 is made and its effect on the available water volume in Lake Naivasha and its connected aquifer is evaluated using a simple water balance modeling approach. This study shows that accurate estimates of annual volume changes of Lake Naivasha can be made using a simple monthly water balance approach that takes into account the exchange of water between the lake and its connected aquifer. The amount of water that is used for irrigation in the area around Lake Naivasha has a substantial adverse effect on the availability of water. Simulation results of our simple water balance model suggests that abstractions from groundwater affect the lake volume less than direct abstractions from the lake. Groundwater volumes, in contrast, are much more affected by groundwater abstractions and therefore lead to much lower groundwater levels. Moreover, when groundwater is used instead of surface water, evaporation losses from the lake are potentially higher due to a larger lake surface area. If that would be the case then the overall water availability in the area is more strongly affected by the abstraction of groundwater than by the abstraction of surface water. Therefore water managers should be cautious when using lake levels as the only indicator of water availability for restricting water abstractions. Copyright Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2013

Suggested Citation

  • Pieter Oel & Dawit Mulatu & Vincent Odongo & Frank Meins & Rick Hogeboom & Robert Becht & Alfred Stein & Japheth Onyando & Anne Veen, 2013. "The Effects of Groundwater and Surface Water Use on Total Water Availability and Implications for Water Management: The Case of Lake Naivasha, Kenya," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 27(9), pages 3477-3492, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:waterr:v:27:y:2013:i:9:p:3477-3492
    DOI: 10.1007/s11269-013-0359-3
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Venot, Jean-Philippe, 2009. "Rural dynamics and new challenges in the Indian water sector: the trajectory of the Krishna Basin, South India," Book Chapters,, International Water Management Institute.
    2. Molle, Francois & Wester, P., 2009. "River basin trajectories: societies, environments and development," IWMI Books, Reports H042436, International Water Management Institute.
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    6. M. Mekonnen & A. Hoekstra & R. Becht, 2012. "Mitigating the Water Footprint of Export Cut Flowers from the Lake Naivasha Basin, Kenya," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 26(13), pages 3725-3742, October.
    7. Venot, Jean-Philippe, 2009. "Rural dynamics and new challenges in the Indian water sector: the trajectory of the Krishna Basin, South India," IWMI Books, Reports H042381, International Water Management Institute.
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    2. Mohammed Sanusi Shiru & Shamsuddin Shahid & Inhwan Park, 2021. "Projection of Water Availability and Sustainability in Nigeria Due to Climate Change," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-16, June.

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